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자연친화적 환경의 실외놀이에서 유아가 보이는 웰빙 모습 및 관련 요인 탐색

Exploring expressions and related factors of children’s wellbeing in nature-friendly outdoor play

김경희|고영미|유영의|나귀옥
한국유아교육학회 (The Korean Society For Early Childhood Education)|2020.09|유아교육연구 (Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education)|제40권 제5호|pp. 201-233|DOI 10.18023/kjece.2020.40.5.008

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어린이집웰빙child care centerwellbeingoutdoor play실외놀이
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 자연친화적 환경의 실외놀이에 참여한 유아들이 보이는 웰빙 모습은 어떠하며, 웰빙 관련 요인이 무엇인지를 질적으로 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 충남의 외곽지역에 위치하고, 실외놀이 및 숲 활동에 관심을 가지고 있으며, 기관의 실외놀이터 또한 자연친화적인 사립어린이집의 만 5세 유아 21명과 담임교사를 연구 참여자로 선정하였다. 2018년 9월 27일부터 12월 5일까지 총 11회의 실외놀이를 관찰하고, 교사 및 유아와 면담을 실시하였다. 이 과정에서 관찰일지, 면담자료, 기타 문서자료를 수집하여 질적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 자연친화적 환경의 실외놀이에서 유아들이 보이는 웰빙 모습은 넘치는 즐거움과 생동감 표출하기, 도전적인 과제로 성취감과 자신감 보이기, 놀이를 자발적으로 시작하고 끝내기, 놀이에 진정으로 참여하고 몰입하기이었으며, 이 중 가장 두드러진 모습은 즐거움과 생동감이었다. 둘째, 유아 웰빙 관련 요인은 자연의 풍부한 자원, 동물과 함께하는 일상, 친구와 주체적으로 의미있는 놀이하기, 자발적인 규칙 지키기 및 최소한의 안전 제한, 재미있고 발전된 놀이를 위한 교사의 지원으로 밝혀졌다. 이 같은 결과는 유아의 웰빙을 지원하기 위해서는 자연친화적인 실외놀이 환경 특히, 유아들의 탐색과 발견을 촉진하는 자연물, 동물과 곤충, 식물 등의 풍부한 자원이 있는 환경을 제공하고, 이러한 자원들과 자유롭게 교감하고 놀이하도록 자율성을 허용하며, 놀이 활성화와 확장을 위하여 교사가 적절히 개입하고 지원함이 중요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study qualitatively explored the expressions of children’s wellbeing while they are playing in nature-friendly outdoor spaces and the related factors. The participants were 21 five-year-old children and their teacher from a private child care centre located in Chungnam province. This child care centre was known to appreciate outdoor play and forest activities, providing nature-friendly gardens, and visits to a nearby forest once a week. The researchers observed children’s outdoor and forest play for 11 days, conducting interviews with the teacher and children. The observation journals, interview data and documents such as curriculum plans were qualitatively analysed. The main findings are as follows. First, children showed enjoyment, vitality, a sense of achievement, self-confidence, autonomy and involvement as characteristic expressions of wellbeing during time spent in nature-friendly outdoor areas/spaces. The most remarkable characteristic expressions of children’s wellbeing in outdoor play in the nature-friendly environment were enjoyment and vitality. Second, affluent resources in nature, rearing pet animals, initiative and meaningful play with peers, keeping regulations on their own and minimum safety restriction, and support from teacher were found to be key factors affecting children’s wellbeing while playing outdoors. These findings imply that for children’s wellbeing, teachers need to provide a nature-friendly environment that includes a variety of natural materials and resources, pets, insects, and plants which facilitate children’s exploration. It is also important for teachers to allow children sufficient autonomy to play and sympathize with these resources on their own. Teachers should support children to activate or expand their play accordingly.

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