한국, 일본, 중국 부모들의 자녀양육에 대한 비교연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to do comparative cultural research on the values of parenting, mothers' satisfaction rates and the rates of paternal participation in parenting in Korea, Japan and China. To this end, 2,940 mothers of three- to six- year old children living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province in Korea, Tokyo and Beijing were interviewed through questionnaires were conducted with . The questions were focused on the parenting styles of mothers. The following are the results achieved from the research. First, the overall outcome concerning maternal perspectives on their own children shows that the Chinese mothers have more positive perspectives toward their children than the mothers of Korea and Japan. Second, regarding the value of parenting, mothers of the three nations all answered that their own lives are as much important as parenting. The highest rate of positive answers was recorded by the Chinese mothers. As far the question on mothers' tolerance for their children, Korean mothers rated were ranked first in terms of the positive answer. Third, regarding questions on core areas of parenting, more Korean and Chinese mothers consider the following activities important than Japanese mothers: playing with friends, learning numbers and letters, studying foreign languages, nourishing artistic talents and others. Exposing children to nature, spending time together with parents and children, building up physical health were also regarded as important, the intensity was the strongest among Korean mothers, followed by Chinese and Japanese mothers. Fourth, the questions on children's future image were answered as belows. All mothers of Korea, Japan and China hope for their children to grow up as a persons who value their own family. Mothers of the three each countries place emphasis on different qualities.; Korean mothers want their children to be those with leadership, who lead can one's life with positive perspectives. Japanese mothers wish their children to cherish their friends and not to cause any trouble to others. Chinese mothers want their children to accomplish their visions and to be respectable persons respected by others. Fifth, responses to the questions on emotional experience of parenting reveal that all the Korean, Japanese and Chinese mothers feel positive emotions more than negative ones in general. Sixth, regarding the satisfaction levels concerning living and parenting, Chinese mothers ranked first, followed by Korean and Japanese mothers. Seventh, it was found that Chinese fathers come back home from work earlier than their counterparts on Korea and Japan. Then, Korean fathers return home earlier than the Chinese. Eighth, Chinese fathers participate in parenting and housekeeping more actively than the fathers of Korea and Japan.