영유아의 정서성 기질의 시간에 따른 변화 추정과 이에 대한 영향요인 검증
Longitudinal changes in infants’ emotional temperament: effects of maternal psychological characteristics and infant’s gender
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본 연구의 목적은 영유아의 정서성 기질의 시간에 따른 변화 추이를 살펴보고 이에 영향을 미치는 영유아의 성별, 산후 우울, 반응성 사회적 양육스타일, 자아존중감의 영향력을 검증하는 것이다. 이 연구목적을 위해 다층성장모형 분석을 실시하였다. 다섯 시점 자료에 이차함수를 적용한결과, 영유아의 정서성 기질은 초기에는 소폭 감소하다가 시간이 지날수록 급격히 증가하는 형태를 보였다. 정서성 기질의 변화에 있어서의 개인차를 설명하기 위해 독립변수를 추가한 결과, 성별은 정서성 기질 발달에 대한 영향력이 없었다. 산후 우울과 양육스트레스는 값이 높을수록 정서성 기질의 초기치가 높았지만 이후의 변화에는 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 반응성 양육스타일 값이높을수록 시간이 지남에 따른 정서성기질의 증가폭이 커지는 경향이 있었다. 자아존중감은 그 값이 높을수록 정서성 기질이 더 많이 낮아지다가 이후에 증가폭이 더 커지는 경향이 나타났다. 본연구는 정서성 기질의 변화양상에 대한 종단연구를 수행함으로써 정서성 기질의 시간에 따른 변화 양상을 추정하고, 이러한 변화양상을 예측하는 변인의 영향력을 살펴보았다는데 의의가 있다. 정서성 기질에 대한 산후 우울과 양육 스트레스의 효과는 일시적이었고, 반응성 양육스타일과 자아존중감은 시간이 지나면서 지속적으로 영향을 주는 변인이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the longitudinal change pattern of emotional temperament. Specifically, there are two research questions. (1) What is the changing pattern of emotional temperament of infants over time? (2) How do the predictors, such as infant gender, postnatal depression, reactive parenting style, parenting stress, and self-esteem, affect the change of infants’ emotional temperament? To accomplish these research purposes, a multi-level growth model was applied to the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) data. With regard to the first research question, results showed that infant emotional temperament initially decreased slightly and then increased rapidly, indicating that a quadratic growth function fitted well. For the second research question, results showed that postnatal depression and parenting stress had positive effects on the initial status of emotional temperament but did not have any effects on the subsequent changes. Maternal reactive parenting style had a positive effect on the quadratic factor, meaning that higher parenting style led to an accelerating growth pattern in emotional temperament. Self-esteem had a negative effect on the linear factor and a positive effect on the quadratic factor, indicating that higher self-esteem was related to a stronger initial decrease in emotional temperament, and followed by a stronger subsequent increase.
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