유아기 어머니 우울과 학령초기 외현화 문제행동의 관계에서 보호요인으로서의 긍정적 또래상호작용: 성차를 중심으로
Positive peer interaction as a protective factor in the pathway between early maternal depression and later externalizing problem behavior: The role of child gender
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본 연구는 유아기 긍정적 또래상호작용이 유아기 어머니 우울과 학령초기 외현화 문제행동 간의 종단적 관계를 조절하는지, 그리고 그러한 조절효과가 성별에 따라 다르게 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널 6차년도(아동 5세)와 8차년도(아동 7세) 조사에 참여한1,088가구의 자료(남아: n=560, 여아: n=528)를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 남아는 여아보다 놀이에서의 긍정적 또래상호작용 수준이 낮고, 외현화 문제행동 수준은 높으며, 어머니 우울과 긍정적 또래상호작용의 영향을 모두 더 강하게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 남아에게 나타난 긍정적 또래상호작용의 조절효과를 살펴본 결과는 5세에 긍정적 또래상호작용 수준이 높았던 아동들의 경우 어머니 우울이 이후 7세의 외현화 문제행동을 예측하지 못한다는 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 외현화 문제행동에서 남아가 여아에 비해 양육환경 위험에 더 취약함과 동시에 긍정적 또래관계 경험으로부터의 혜택도 더 크게 받을 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구는 유아기 긍정적 또래상호작용이 부정적 양육환경의 영향을 완충하는 보호요인의 역할을 한다는 것을 확인했을 뿐 아니라그러한 보호 역할이 아동 성별에 따라 다를 수 있다는 것을 보여줌으로써 기존의 경험자료를 더욱 확장했다는 의의를 지닌다.
Abstract
This study examined the moderating effects of positive peer interaction on the link between early maternal depression and later externalizing problem behavior of boys and girls aged 5 to 7 years. Data (Boys’ n=560; Girls’ n=528) from 6th and 8th wave of Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) were used to analyze the relations among variables. Boys, compared with girls, were found to display higher levels of externalizing behavior and lower levels of positive peer interaction in play. Both main effects and interaction effect of maternal depression and positive peer interaction on externalizing behavior were stronger in boys than in girls. Examination of the moderating effect among boys indicated that early maternal depression did not significantly predict later externalizing behavior of children who displayed a high level of positive peer interaction. These results suggested that boys were more susceptible to both the negative effects of risky social environments and the beneficial effect of positive peer interaction. The findings highlighted the importance of positive peer relationships in early childhood as a protective factor for children exposed to negative rearing environments, and extended earlier work by showing that such protective function can differ according to child’s gender.
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