『유가사지론』 에서의 자비명상[慈愍觀] -남방전통의 ‘자애명상’과 비교하면서

Abstract

This article literally examines the nature of compassion meditation that is garnering new attention in the wake of recent social controversy occurred due to the emotion control disorders. While primary task of this study is to understand and interpret compassion meditation shown at Xuánzàng version of Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra(瑜伽師地論) or Discourse on the Stages of Yogic Practice, another one is to identify disciplinal nature of compassion meditation along with its differences with loving-kindness meditation as emphasized in Asia’s southern schools. The study had following findings. First, ‘loving-kindness meditation’ emphasized mettā-bhāvanā (cultivation of loving-kindness) in an effort to give happiness to people, whereas ’compassion meditation’ emphasized karuṇā-bhāvanā (cultivation of compassion) from the more positive context of rescuing people by rooting out their sufferings, which marked a big difference between these two. Second, this karuṇā-bhāvanā is a rare discipline method in the early Buddhism or in Asia’s southern schools, and such positive interpretation of rooting out sufferings and disasters derived from Abhidharma- jñānaprasthāna-śāstra(阿毘達磨發智論) and later established itself as the core ideas of Yogācārabhūmi- śāstra and Mahayana Buddhism after going through the great compassion ideology of Abhidharma- mahāvibhāsā-śāstra(阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論). Third, while loving-kindness meditation in Asia’s southern schools belonged to the third line of form (Rūpaloka, 色界) in terms of discipline, compassion meditation was described to include not only form, also desire (Kāmaloka, 欲界) and formless (Arūpaloka, 無色界) realm, belonging to Vipassana Fourth, according to Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, how to define and clarify compassion meditation as Vipassana observing six different objects of meaning, thing, symptom (lakṣaṇa), dignity (paksa), time and reason, is the unique nature of compassion meditation as shown only at Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra - not to be seen in other literatures. Lastly, Fifth, when comparing ideology shown in the 『Samdhinirmocana-sutra』 and 『Yogācārabhūmi- śāstra』 based on the subject of loving-kindness and compassion meditation as a matter of time of establishment, 『Samdhinirmocana-sutra』 was established first, and 『Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra』 was added afterward. While 『Samdhinirmocana-sutra』 is focused on the explanation of the reason for the dharma, 『Yogācārabhūmi- śāstra』 provides detailed description of practical performance and observation on the basis of the doctrine of 『Samdhinirmocana-sutra』.