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자녀의 부모화와 관련된 심리적 특성들의 탐색

Psychological Characteristics Related to Parentification of Children

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초록

본 연구에서는 부모화(parentification)된 자녀의 심리적 특성 및 그 관련 변인을 살펴보고자 했다. 이를 위해 270명의 대학생을 대상으로 부모화, 효, 정신분화, 대인분화, 삼각화, 심리적 독립, 소외감 정도를 측정하였으며 가족원의 질병, 사망, 부모 간의 갈등 및 별거, 이혼이나 재혼 여부 등을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 부모화가 높은 자녀일수록 효 및 책임성도 높았으며 가족의 삼각화에 개입하는 경향성도 더 강했다. 또한, 이러한 자녀들은 갈등과 관련해서 부모로부터의 심리적 독립을 충분히 발달시키지 못함으로써 결국 가족 내 갈등에 많이 개입하는 특성을 보였다. 부모화는 일반 가정의 자녀에게서보다 가족원의 질병, 사망, 부모의 갈등 및 별거, 이혼 그리고 재혼을 경험한 자녀에게서 더 강하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 부모화된 자녀일수록 소외감을 더 강하게 느끼는 경향이 있어서 이들의 주관적 삶의 질이 일반적인 자녀보다 낮은 경향이 있었다. 이러한 결과는 부모화된 자녀들이 피상적으로는 적응적이고 배려적으로 보이나 심리적 차원에서는 위험성이 있음을 시사하고 있다. 이는 이들을 위한 정신건강 차원의 심리 치료적 접근이 필요하다는 것을 함축한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the psychological characteristics and the related psychological variables of the parentified child. A total of two hundreds seventy (N = 270) Korean undergraduate students participated in this study. The students completed Parentification Questionaire-Adult, Filial Royalty Scoring-Adult, Self-differentiation, Triangulation, and Psychological independence. Above of all scores from the students whose parents either have serious disease, died, discord, separated, and divorced(general family, N = 182) or never(special family, N = 82) were then compared. The results are as follows: first, there ware significant positive correlations between parentification and filial & royalty, triangulation and significant negative correlations between parentification and psychological independence from their parents in the dimension of conflict. Second, children from special family were inclined to be more parentifed than the children from general family. Finally, parentified child was inclined to report lower level of subjective quality of life than non-parentified child. This research suggest that although parentified children look like adoptive and considerate, they are likely to have psychological risk. Therefore, it is suggested that psychological therapy can be helpful to the parentified child's mental health.

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