포괄적 유증론 ―물권적 효과설의 관점에서―
The Theory of Legacy by Universal Title
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The Korean institution of legacy by universal title is of French origin via Japan's universal title legacy, and the French system of legs universel and legs à titre universel has evolved from the fusion of an inheritance designation and universal fideicommissum of Western Roman Empire. Therefore it is regarded as a substitute for heir designation with real right's effect. In other words, a testamentary donee by a universal title can succeed to rights and duties automatically at the time of a testator's death without transfer procedure according to Article 186 and 188 of Korean Civil Act. However, it is argued in recent years that universal title legacy has only a claim's effect, that is to say, a donee by a universal title has to register the given real property or to obtain possession of the bestowed movables for acquiring ownership, and furthermore, some argue that a donee by a universal title does not take over the testator's debt, either. This article is firstly written for supporting the theory of real right's effect from a historical and systematic view, balancing conflicting interests of a testator and his creditors, legal heirs and their creditors, subsequent purchasers from legal heirs and a donee by a universal title as well. The second aim of this paper is to identify the details of the theory of real right's effect, so it deals with some legal issues about shares of inheritance and its approval and renunciation etc. in the case that a donee by a universal title is one of legal heirs.
Abstract
The Korean institution of legacy by universal title is of French origin via Japan's universal title legacy, and the French system of legs universel and legs à titre universel has evolved from the fusion of an inheritance designation and universal fideicommissum of Western Roman Empire. Therefore it is regarded as a substitute for heir designation with real right's effect. In other words, a testamentary donee by a universal title can succeed to rights and duties automatically at the time of a testator's death without transfer procedure according to Article 186 and 188 of Korean Civil Act. However, it is argued in recent years that universal title legacy has only a claim's effect, that is to say, a donee by a universal title has to register the given real property or to obtain possession of the bestowed movables for acquiring ownership, and furthermore, some argue that a donee by a universal title does not take over the testator's debt, either. This article is firstly written for supporting the theory of real right's effect from a historical and systematic view, balancing conflicting interests of a testator and his creditors, legal heirs and their creditors, subsequent purchasers from legal heirs and a donee by a universal title as well. The second aim of this paper is to identify the details of the theory of real right's effect, so it deals with some legal issues about shares of inheritance and its approval and renunciation etc. in the case that a donee by a universal title is one of legal heirs.
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