대학생의 성취동기 프로파일과 노력조절 및 인지적 참여에서의 차이
A Profile Analysis of Undergraduates’ Achievement Motivation and Their Differences in Effort Regulation and Cognitive Engagement
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이 연구의 목적은 기대-가치 이론과 성취목표 이론을 통합하여 전공과목에 대한 대학생의 프로파일 유형을 탐색하고 프로파일 종류에 따라 노력 조절과 인지적 참여 수준에서 차이가 있는지 검증하는 것이다. 전공과목에 대한 성공기대, 가치, 비용인식 뿐 아니라 숙달, 수행접근 및 수행회피목표에 대한 대학생 222명의 응답을 바탕으로 잠재 프로파일 분석을 실시한 결과 ‘고 기대-가치-숙달형’(35.9%), ‘중간 기대-가치-숙달형’(55.9%), ‘비용인식형’(8.2%)으로 구분된 3개의 프로파일이 도출되었다. 이 중에서 ‘고 기대-가치-숙달형’의 학생들이 여타의 프로파일에 비해 전공 공부가 어려워도 공부를 지속하며 인지적인 측면에서도 내용을 이해하려는 노력을 아끼지 않고 정보를 심층적으로 이해하는데 가장 큰 노력을 기울이는 것으로 나타났다. 가장 다수를 차지한 ‘중간 기대-가치-숙달형’의 학생들은 ‘비용인식형’의 학생들에 비해 공부가 힘들어도 이에 최대한의 행동적인 노력을 기울이는 것으로 보고하였으나, 인지전략 사용 수준과 인지적인 노력을 아끼는 것과 관련해서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 적응적 특성이 매우 제한적이었다. 모든 프로파일이 공부 내용을 반복적으로 암기하는데 치중하는 표층전략의 사용 수준에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 두 이론을 모두 고려한 프로파일 결과는 성취목표 구인만을 고려했을 때보다 더 정확한 분류율을 보여 대학생 대상의 학업 동기 연구에서 통합적 접근이 가지는 이점을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 대학생의 성취동기를 이해하기 위한 후속 연구를 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine achievement motivation profile of undergraduates based on the integrative approach to expectancy-value theory and achievement goal theory and to test the profile differences in behavioral effort regulation and cognitive engagement. For this, latent profile analysis was conducted for the responses of 222 undergraduates for success expectancy, values, cost perceptions as well as mastery-, performance approach-, and performance avoidance goals in studying one’s major. Three profiles were revealed, which are labelled ‘High Expectancy-Value-Mastery goal’(35.9%), ‘Average Expectancy-Value-Mastery goal’(55.9%), and ‘High Cost’(8.2%). Among these, students in the ‘High Expectancy-Value-Mastery goal’ profile showed the highest level of effort regulation and deep strategy uses in their studying. They also showed the lowest level of disorganization. The most common 'Average Expectancy-Value-Mastery goal' profile was found to engage in more effort regulation compared to students with the 'High Cost' profile, but there was no significant difference in the level of cognitive strategy use and disorganization, indicating a very limited adaptive characteristic. There was no significant difference among all profiles in the level of surface strategy use. The profile analysis considering both theories showed a more accurate classification rate than when only the achievement goal construct was considered, indicating the advantage of the integrated approach in the study of academic motivation for undergraduates. Based on the results, the future study was discussed to further understand the achievement motivation of undergraduates.
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