L1 Interpretation Strategies of English and Korean Speakers and L2 Interpretation Strategies of English-speaking Learners of Korean
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this study is to compare L1 sentence interpretation strategies in English and Korean within the paradigm of the Competition Model. It further attempts to examine the L2 sentence processing strategies by English-speaking learners of Korean as a second language (KSL) at varying L2 proficiency levels. The present study involved three groups of participants: native English speakers, native Korean speakers, and English-speaking learners of KSL at different proficiency levels (i.e., beginning, intermediate, and advanced). The participants were asked to identify the agents of sentences, each consisting of one verb and two nouns, in which animacy and word order cues either competed or were consistent with each other. The results showed that native English speakers relied heavily on word order as the major cue to L1 sentence interpretation, while native Korean speakers showed great dependence on animacy as the dominant source for L1 sentence interpretation. This study also found a general shift from the syntax-based processing strategies to semantics-based ones in Korean L2 acquisition in accordance with the English KSL learners’ L2 proficiency levels. Learners with lower L2 proficiency transferred L1-based animacy processing strategies to their Korean interlanguage. As their L2 proficiency increased, English KSL learners gradually became less dependent on L1-based animacy processing strategies and more reliant on L2-based word order processing strategies to comprehend sentences in Korean.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare L1 sentence interpretation strategies in English and Korean within the paradigm of the Competition Model. It further attempts to examine the L2 sentence processing strategies by English-speaking learners of Korean as a second language (KSL) at varying L2 proficiency levels. The present study involved three groups of participants: native English speakers, native Korean speakers, and English-speaking learners of KSL at different proficiency levels (i.e., beginning, intermediate, and advanced). The participants were asked to identify the agents of sentences, each consisting of one verb and two nouns, in which animacy and word order cues either competed or were consistent with each other. The results showed that native English speakers relied heavily on word order as the major cue to L1 sentence interpretation, while native Korean speakers showed great dependence on animacy as the dominant source for L1 sentence interpretation. This study also found a general shift from the syntax-based processing strategies to semantics-based ones in Korean L2 acquisition in accordance with the English KSL learners’ L2 proficiency levels. Learners with lower L2 proficiency transferred L1-based animacy processing strategies to their Korean interlanguage. As their L2 proficiency increased, English KSL learners gradually became less dependent on L1-based animacy processing strategies and more reliant on L2-based word order processing strategies to comprehend sentences in Korean.
참고문헌 (37)
- Bates, E., "Second language acquisition from a functional perspective: Pragmatic, semantic and perceptual strategies. In Annals of the New York academy of science conference on native and foreign language acquisition", pp.190~214 (1981), New York Academy of Sciences
- Bates, E., "Functionalism and the competition model. In The cross-linguistic study of sentence processing", pp.3~73 (1989), Cambridge University Press
- Bates, E., "A cross-linguistic study of the development of sentence interpretation strategies", Child Development, 55, pp.341~354 (1984)
- Bates, E., "Functional constraints on sentence processing: A cross-linguistic study", Cognition, 11, pp.245~299 (1982)
- Gass,S, "An interactionist approach to L2 sentence interpretation", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 8, pp.19~37 (1986)
- Gass,S, "The resolution of conflicts among competing systems: A bidirectional perspective", Applied Psycholinguistics, 8, pp.329~350 (1987)
- Gass,S, "How do learners resolve linguistic conflicts? In Linguistic perspectives on second language acquisition", pp.183~199 (1989), Cambridge University Press
- Harrington,M, "Processing transfer: Language specific processing strategies as a source of interlanguage variation", Applied Psycholinguistics, 8, pp.351~377 (1987)
- Heilenman, L., "Processing strategies in L2 learners of French: The role of transfer", Language Learning, 43(4), pp.507~557 (1993)
- Hernandez, A., "On-line sentence interpretation in Spanish-English bilinguals: What does it mean to be “in between”?", Applied Psycholinguistics, 15, pp.417~446 (1994)
- Hwang,M, "Topic continuity and discontinuity in Korean narrative", Korean Linguistics, 3, pp.47~75 (1983)
- Kempe, V., "The acquisition of case marking by adult learners of Russian and German", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, pp.543~587 (1998)
- Kilborn,K, "Sentence processing in a second language: The timing of transfer", Language and Speech, 32, pp.1~23 (1989)
- Kilborn, K., "Sentence interpretation strategies in Dutch-English bilinguals", Applied Psycholinguistics, 8, pp.415~431 (1987)
- Kilborn, K., "Sentence processing strategies in adult bilinguals. In The cross-linguistic study of sentence processing", pp.257~291 (1989), Cambridge University Press
- "1997", 4
- Li, C., "Subject and topic: A new typology of language. In Subject and topic", pp.457~489 (1976), Academic Press
- Liu, H., "Sentence interpretation in bilingual speakers of English and Chinese", Applied Psycholinguistics, 13, pp.451~484 (1992)
- Long, M., "Methodological issues in interlanguage studies: An interactionist perspective. In Interlanguage", pp.253~279 (1984), University of Edinburgh Press
- MacWhinney, B., "Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German and Italian", Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, pp.127~150 (1984)
- MacWhinney,B, "Second language acquisition and the Competition Model. In Tutorials in Bilingualism", pp.113~142 (1997), Erlbaum
- MacWhinney, B., "Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German and Italian", Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, pp.127~150 (1984)
- MacWhinney, B., "The development of sentence interpretation in Hungarian", Cognitive Psychology, 17, pp.178~209 (1985)
- McDonald,J, "The development of sentence comprehension strategies in English and Dutch", Journal of Experimental and Child Psychology, 41, pp.317~335 (1986)
- McDonald,J, "Sentence interpretation in bilingual speakers of English and Dutch", Applied Psycholinguistics, 8, pp.379~413 (1987)
- McDonald, J., "Determinants of cue strength in adult first and second language speakers of French", Applied Psycholinguistics, 12, pp.313~348 (1991)
- Miao,X, "Word order and semantic strategies in Chinese sentence comprehension", International Journal of Psycholinguistics, 8, pp.23~33 (1981)
- Rounds, P., "Acquiring linguistic cues to identify agent", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, pp.509~542 (1998)
- Sasaki,Y, "English and Japanese interlanguage comprehension strategies: An analysis based on the competition model", Applied Psycholinguistics, 12, pp.47~73 (1991)
- Sasaki,Y, "Paths of processing strategy transfer in learning Japanese and English as foreign languages", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 16, pp.43~72 (1994)
- Sohn,H, "Theme-prominence in Korean", Korean Linguistics, 2, pp.1~19 (1980)
- Su,I, "Transfer of sentence processing strategies: A comparison of L2 learners of Chinese and English", Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, pp.83~112 (2001)
- Su,I, "Context effects on sentence processing: A study based on the competition model", Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, pp.167~189 (2001)
- Su,I, "The effects of discourse processing with regard to syntactic and semantic cues: A competition model", Applied Psycho- linguistics, 25, pp.587~601 (2004)
- Vaid, J., "Sentence interpretation in normal and Aphasic Hindi speakers", Brain and Language, 41, pp.250~274 (1991)
- Wulfeck, B., "Sentence interpretation strategies in healthy and aphasic bilingual adults. In Language processing in bilinguals: Psycholinguistic and neuropsychological perspectives", pp.199~219 (1986), Lawrence Erlbaum
- Zobl,H, "Aspects of reference and the pronominal syntax preference in the speech of young child L2 learners. In Second languages: A cross-linguistic perspective", pp.375~391 (1984), Newbury House
