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Keats’s Progress in the Walking Tour Sonnets

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Keats toured Northern England and Scotland in June 1818 walking 642 miles in 44 days. The poet’s purpose of the tour was to escape from his depressing realities of London life. In addition, he expected to benefit more from a direct experience of natural beauty than from reading about it so that he can acquire fresh materials for his poetry. However, he was unable to maintain a direct connection between his working mind and his impressions of nature, experiencing difficulty in finding an appropriate language. Nevertheless, the poet demonstrated his power, during the tour, to cope with the provisional inability, recovering his poetic confidence not by denying but by accepting uncertainty and limitations imposed upon himself. During the tour, Keats wrote five sonnets and they include the poet’s interpretation of the uncertainty and limitations of the self in responding to the sublime conditions of nature. The number of researches on the walking tour sonnets, however, have been quite small, and researches on the sonnets devalued them, criticizing that the sonnets reflect Keats’s psychological crisis and a failure of the activity of imagination. In fact, the past researches have ignored the walking tour sonnets which include the poet’s effort to reactivate the power of imagination, transcending the crisis of self-confidence. This paper, thus, attempts to rescue Keats’s walking tour sonnets from pessimistic views and re-evaluate them as important space in which the poet developed his poetic power.

Abstract

Keats toured Northern England and Scotland in June 1818 walking 642 miles in 44 days. The poet’s purpose of the tour was to escape from his depressing realities of London life. In addition, he expected to benefit more from a direct experience of natural beauty than from reading about it so that he can acquire fresh materials for his poetry. However, he was unable to maintain a direct connection between his working mind and his impressions of nature, experiencing difficulty in finding an appropriate language. Nevertheless, the poet demonstrated his power, during the tour, to cope with the provisional inability, recovering his poetic confidence not by denying but by accepting uncertainty and limitations imposed upon himself. During the tour, Keats wrote five sonnets and they include the poet’s interpretation of the uncertainty and limitations of the self in responding to the sublime conditions of nature. The number of researches on the walking tour sonnets, however, have been quite small, and researches on the sonnets devalued them, criticizing that the sonnets reflect Keats’s psychological crisis and a failure of the activity of imagination. In fact, the past researches have ignored the walking tour sonnets which include the poet’s effort to reactivate the power of imagination, transcending the crisis of self-confidence. This paper, thus, attempts to rescue Keats’s walking tour sonnets from pessimistic views and re-evaluate them as important space in which the poet developed his poetic power.

참고문헌 (12)

  1. Curtis, Jared, "Poems, in Two Volumes, and Other Poems, 1800-1807" (1983), Cornell UP
  2. Dickstein, Morris, "Keats and His Poetry : A Study in Development" (1971), The University of Chicago Press
  3. Glendening, John, "Keats’s Tour of Scotland: Burns and the Anxiety of Hero Worship", Keats-Shelley Journal, xli, pp.76~99 (1992)
  4. Keats, John, "The Poems of John Keats" (1970), Longman
  5. Keats, John, "The Poems of John Keats" (1978), Harvard UP
  6. Murry, John Middleton, "The Mystery of Keats" (1949), Peter Nevill
  7. Phelan, Joseph, "The Nineteenth-Century Sonnet" (2005), Palgrave
  8. Rollins, Hyder E, "The Letters of John Keats. 2 vols" (1958), Harvard UP
  9. Rollins, Hyder E, "The Keats Circles. 2 vols" (1965), Harvard UP
  10. Sperry, Stuart M, "Keats the Poet" (1973), Princeton UP
  11. Stillinger, Jack, "The Texts of Keats’s Poems" (1974), Harvard UP
  12. Walker, Carol Kyros, "Walking North with Keats" (1992), Yale UP

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