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The Cinematic Narrative Techniques in the Novels of Thomas Hardy

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In this essay, I discuss the characteristics of Hardy as ‘a cinematic novelist’ which can appeal both to audiences of films and readers of novels, by comparing some aspects of narrative techniques found both in Hardy's novels and their adaptations to screen. Hardy employes ‘verbal description as a film director uses the lens of his camera,’ which can be analysed in cinematic terms: long shot, close-up, wide angle, telephoto, zoom, visual perspective, and flashback. These cinematic equivalents for the narrative techniques in Hardy’s novels give a ‘Hardyesque’ feel to their adaptations to screen. In fact, many film directors such as Winterbottom, Polanski, Schlesinger, and Agland have picked up characteristic narrative techniques from Hardy's novels, such as their use of specified observers, restricted narrators, ellipses and omission. Thus, it is true that they have found not only stories as a raw matter but also their narrative techniques in the novels of Hardy. Hardy anticipated modes of film narration, which has been a gift for modern film directors.

Abstract

In this essay, I discuss the characteristics of Hardy as ‘a cinematic novelist’ which can appeal both to audiences of films and readers of novels, by comparing some aspects of narrative techniques found both in Hardy's novels and their adaptations to screen. Hardy employes ‘verbal description as a film director uses the lens of his camera,’ which can be analysed in cinematic terms: long shot, close-up, wide angle, telephoto, zoom, visual perspective, and flashback. These cinematic equivalents for the narrative techniques in Hardy’s novels give a ‘Hardyesque’ feel to their adaptations to screen. In fact, many film directors such as Winterbottom, Polanski, Schlesinger, and Agland have picked up characteristic narrative techniques from Hardy's novels, such as their use of specified observers, restricted narrators, ellipses and omission. Thus, it is true that they have found not only stories as a raw matter but also their narrative techniques in the novels of Hardy. Hardy anticipated modes of film narration, which has been a gift for modern film directors.

참고문헌 (24)

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  2. Berger, Sheila, "Thomas Hardy and Visual Structure: Framing, Disruption, Process" (1990), New York University Press
  3. Bluestone, George, "Novels into Film" (1957), University of California Press
  4. Cecil, David, "Hardy the Novelist: An Essay in Criticism" (1946), Bobbs-Merrill
  5. Cohen, Keith, "Film and Fiction: The Dynamics of Exchange" (1979), Yale University Press
  6. Eagleton, Terry, "Flesh and Spirit in Thomas Hardy and Contemporary Literary Studies" (2004), Palgrave Macmillan
  7. Eisenstein, Sergei, "Film Form" (1949), Harcourt, Brace
  8. Grundy, Joan, "Hardy and the Sister Arts" (1979), Harper and Row
  9. Hardy, Florence Emily, "The Life of Thomas Hardy 1840-1928" (1962), Macmillan
  10. Hardy, Thomas, "The Life and Work of Thomas Hardy, ed. Michael Millgate" (1985), University of Georgia Press
  11. Hardy, Thomas, "Woodlanders" (1981), Clarendon Press
  12. Hardy, Thomas, "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" (1965), Norton
  13. Hardy, Thomas, "Jude the Obscure" (1999), Norton
  14. Hardy, Thomas, "The Return of the Native" (1999), Norton
  15. Hardy, Thomas, "Far from the madding Crowd" (1962), Macmillan
  16. Hardy, Thomas, "The Mayor of Casterbridge. Introduction by Ian Gregor" (1974), Macmillan
  17. Lodge David, "Thomas Hardy as a Cinematic Novelist in : Thomas Hardy After Fifty Years", pp.78~89 (1977), Macmillan
  18. McFarlane, Brian, "Novel to Film: An Introduction to the Theory of Adaptation" (1996), Clarendon Press
  19. Miller, J. Hillis, "Thomas Hardy: Distance and Desire" (1970), Harvard University Press
  20. Niemeyer, Paul J., "Seeing Hardy: Film and Television Adaptations of the Fiction of Thomas Hardy" (2003), McFarland
  21. Peter, Widdowson, "On Thomas Hardy: Late Essays and Earlier" (1998), Macmillan
  22. Purdy, Richard Little, "The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy. 7 vols" (1984), Clarendon Press
  23. Sinyard, Neil, "Filming Literature: The Art of Screen Adaptation" (1986), Croom Helm
  24. Wain, John, "The Dynasts" (1965), Macmillan

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