다국적 기업 국내 자회사의 기술혁신 주도권에 관한 연구: 자원기반이론 및 네트워크 이론을 중심으로
A Study of MNE Subsidiary R&D Initiative in Korea: Resource Based and Network Theory
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초록
글로벌 지식경쟁이 가속화되고 있는 환경 하에서 다국적기업의 모기업과 자회사의 관계도 기존의 수직적 관계에서 수평적 관계로 변화되고 있다. 즉, 현지경쟁에 필요한 기술을 모기업에 일방적으로 의존하기보다는 자회사차원에서 필요한 지식을 적극적이고 능동적으로 학습하고 창출해낼 수 있는 창조적 자회사로의 진화를 요구받고 있다. 그러나 모든 자회사가 창조적 자회사로 진화되는 것은 아니다. 창조적 자회사로 진화되기 위해서는 모기업으로부터 일방적인 위임보다는 자회사차원의 능동적이고 적극적인 혁신 주도권이 전제되어야 한다. 이와 같이 창조적인 자회사로 진화되는 과정에서 필수적으로 요구되는 자회사차원의 혁신 주도권에 관한 연구는 그 중요성에도 아직까지 활발한 연구가 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 연구배경 하에서 자회사가 창조적 자회사로 진화되는 과정에서 요구되는 자회사의 기술혁신 주도권에 주목하고, 기술혁신주도권에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 살펴보고 있다. 즉, 본 연구에서는 자원기반이론과 네트워크 이론관점에서 자회사차원의 기술혁신주도권에 미치는 영향요인을 1) 자회사 기술결합능력 2) 모기업과 자회사 간 관계특성 3) 자회사의 시장 환경 측면으로 세분하여 살펴보았다. 이와 같은 본 연구결과는 국내 외국인 자회사의 기술혁신주도권에 미치는 영향요인을 보다 구체적으로 파악할 기회를 제공하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 본 연구결과는 향후 가속화될 전망인 지식경쟁 하에서 국내 기업의 경쟁력 강화를 위해서 요구되는 모기업과 해외자회사 관계와 자회사의 역할에 관해 새로운 인식을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
Over the past two decades, subsidiaries of multinational corporations(MNCs) have been expanding their role beyond traditional downstream activities such as sales, service and assembly to encompass upstream activities such as research and deve- lopment(R&D), component production, strategic marketing and support activities. However all the subsidiary is not evolved into creative subsidiary. The evolution of creative subsidiary requires the subsidiary initiative. This subsidiary initiative is not dictated by the MNC Headquarters, but the subsidiary itself. In spite of the importance of research on the subsidiary initiative, little research has examined subsidiary initiative and the factors that determine subsidiary initiative. Based on this research background, this study focuses on the subsidiary initiative in the view of resource based theory and network theory and empirically examine the factors that determine subsidiary initiative. The findings of this study presents that increase of subsidiary initiative is affected by the subsidiary combinative capabilities, headquarters-subsidiary relationship and local environmental contexts of subsidiaries.
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