한국 기업의 예측환노출과 관찰환노출 차이 분석
A Study on the Expected and Observed Exchange Rate Exposure of Korean Firms
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초록
환노출을 결정하는 기업의 기본적인 영업활동을 이용해 예측환노출을 계산하고 이를 주가수익률을 사용해 계산한 관찰환노출과 비교분석해 환노출관리 활동과 환노출의 관계를 분석하였다. 관찰환노출의 환노출 정도는 예측환노출의 환노출 정도보다는 낮게 추정되었다. 그러나 환노출관리가 필요한 수준보다 많이 이루어지는 경우가 많았다. 환노출관리와 관련해서는 예측환노출계수가 양수인 기업은 파생상품거래와 해외 관계기업과의 내부거래를 이용해 환노출을 관리하며, 예측환노출계수가 음수인 기업은 가격전가를 활용해 환노출을 관리하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 외국인 투자자가 지분을 많이 보유할수록 환노출관리는 어려움이 있었으며 예측환노출계수가 음수인 기업의 경우 해외기업과의 내부거래와 국내기업과의 매입내부거래 등은 환노출정도의 감소와는 반대방향으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 분석결과 한국 기업들이 외화표시부채를 영업활동으로부터 발생한 환노출을 관리하기 위한 수단으로 활용하고 있다는 증거를 확인할 수 없었다. 금융파생상품거래는 예측환노출계수가 양수인 기업들만이 환노출관리 수단으로 활용하고 있었다. 환율이 급등할 때 기업가치가 급락하는 환노출 즉, 환노출이 음수인 경우의 환노출관리 필요성을 고려할 때 환노출이 음수인 경우 가격전가만으로 환노출에 대처하는 한국 제조기업들의 환노출관리 특성은 재검토가 필요하다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구는 환노출관리와 관련이 있는 변수들이 기업의 환노출정도에 미치는 영향이 예측환노출의 방향에 따라 다르다는 것을 보여 줌으로써 환노출 특성 분석 및 환노출관리를 주제로 한 연구에서 예측환노출을 고려하는 것이 필요함을 보여주고 있다.
Abstract
We estimate the expected and observed levels of foreign exchange rate exposure (FXE) of Korean firms implied from their business operation and reflected on their stock price sensitivity to exchange rate, respectively. We then analyze the relationship between FXE and its management by comparing the expected levels of FXE to the observed levels of FXE. We find that the observed levels of FXE are lower than the expected levels of FXE. FXE management is overly excessive in many instances. Firms with a positive exposure coefficient manage their FXE through intra-firm transactions with their foreign subsidiaries as well as financial derivatives, whereas firms with a negative exposure manage only via “pass-throughs” of exchange rate changes. In the cross-section of sample firms, the higher the foreign stock ownership is, the more difficult the FXE management is. In firms with a negative exposure, intra-firm transactions with their foreign and domestic subsidiaries play a negative role in reducing FXE. These results imply that the model identification of firm-level FXE management may differ by the type of FXE. When managing FXE, Korean firms do not utilize foreign currency-denominated debt instruments, and only firms with a positive exposure make use of financial derivatives. Given that firms with a negative correlation, whose firm values are adversely affected by a rise in the exchange rate, require pro-active FXE managerial decisions, their pervasive “pass-through” measures moot amendments.
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