개발도상국 해외자회사의 역진적 지식이전 유형에 관한 탐색적 연구: 중국 해외자회사 사례를 중심으로
An exploratory study on the types of reverse knowledge flow from the subsidiaries in developing countries: The case of the subsidiaries in China
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개발도상국에 대한 선발국가 기업들의 해외투자는 더 이상 놀랄만한 일이 아니다. 그럼에도 불구하고 투자대상국인 개발도상국의 낮은 기술혁신역량으로 인해 현지자회사에서의 기술혁신활동은 큰 주목을 받지 못하고 있다. 하지만 기술역량에 대한 기존관점에서 벗어나 개발도상국에 설치된 자회사를 살펴본다면, 이들은 기술혁신활동의원천으로서 충분한 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 이 점에 주목하여 개발도상국 자회사에서 선발국 모기업으로의 역진적 지식이전 유형에 관한 명제를 도출하고자 한다. 이와 같은 연구목표는 기존문헌에서 논의했던 기술혁신활동의 유형구분과 개발도상국 혁신환경을 종합하여 새로운 연구 프레임을 도출한 후, 2차 자료와 특허자료를 이용해 발굴한 세 가지 개발도상국 자회사 사례를 적용함으로써 달성할 수 있었다. 여기서 도출된 네 가지 명제는 개발도상국을 저임금 노동시장이 아니라 기술혁신과 글로벌 분업체계를 위한 파트너로 새롭게 평가하는데도움을 줄 것이다.
Abstract
It is no surprise that firms in developed countries have heavily invested on developingcountries. We have paid little attention on these subsidiaries due to low technologicalcapabilities in developing countries so far. However, they have the potential as asource of technological innovations from a different perspective. This study aims tosuggest four propositions on reverse knowledge flow of subsidiaries in developingcountries. We developed a research frame synthesized from economics of technologicalinnovations and development studies and applied it to the three cases based onsecondary sources and patent data. Four propositions in this study could contributeto restructuring the global value chain consisting of the new partnerships betweenfirms in developing and developed countries.
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