조합 역량과 습득 역량이 해외 R&D 자회사 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향: 일본 다국적 기업 해외 연구소에 관한 연구
Combinative Capability, Sourcing Capability, and Innovative Performance of Overseas R&D Subsidiaries: A Study of Overseas R&D Laboratories from Japanese Multinational Corporations
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초록
본 연구는 일본 다국적 기업의 해외 연구소에 관한 실증 연구를 통하여 다국적 기업 해외 R&D 자회사의 조합 역량, 습득 역량, 자율성이 자회사의 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향에 관하여 검증하는 논문이다. 본 논문에서는 혁신의 성과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인으로 다양한 지식의 원천에서 어떻게 지식을 골고루 습득하고 조합하여 활용하는지가 중요하다는 점에 주목하였다. 본 연구에서는 해외 자회사의 혁신 역량의 원천을 습득 역량(sourcing capability)과 조합 역량(combinative capability)으로 구분한 후 이 역량들이 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 심층 분석하였다. 특히 조합 역량을 본국과 현지, 그 외의 국가의 지식들을 조합하는 역량과 다국적 기업 내부의 지식과 외부의 지식을 조합하는 역량으로 세분하고 각각의 조합 역량이 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 가설을 수립하였다. 또한 조합 역량이 습득 역량과 혁신 성과 간의 관계를 강화할 수 있는지와 자율성이 조합 역량과 혁신 성과 간의 관계를 강화할 수 있는지를 검증해 보았다. 일본 다국적 기업의 해외 연구소에 관한 설문 자료와 특허 자료를 결합하여 실행한 음이항 회귀 분석 결과 해외 자회사의 본국-현지-그 외의 국가의 지식을 조합하는 역량과 습득 역량, 자율성이 해외 자회사의 혁신 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 본국-현지-그 외 국가의 지식을 조합하는 역량이 해외 자회사의 습득 역량이 혁신 성과에 미치는 긍정적 영향을 강화하는 것으로 나타나 습득 역량과 조합 역량은 상호 보완적인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This paper examines the factors that influence innovative performance of overseas R&D subsidiaries by analyzing data from overseas R&D laboratories of Japanese multinational corporations. After classifying the capabilities of the overseas R&D labs as sourcing capabilities and combinative capabilities, this paper analyzed the effects of such capabilities on innovative performance. This paper focused on the impacts of the two types of combinative capabilities associated with the abilities to combine and utilize knowledge from different knowledge sources on subsidiary innovative performance. This paper also explored the moderating role of combinative capabilities and autonomy. Statistical findings from negative binomial regressions with integrated data from surveys and patent data of overseas R&D laboratories of Japanese MNCs revealed that combinative capability related to combined knowledge from home country, host country, and other countries had a positive impact on the quality of subsidiary innovation. Additionally, the results also indicated that both sourcing capability and autonomy have a positive impact on innovative performance on an overseas R&D subsidiary. Furthermore, the degree of combinative capability related to utilizing knowledge from home country, host country, and other countries served to strengthen the positive relationship between sourcing capability and the innovative performance of an overseas R&D subsidiary.
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