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역량과 불확실성이 지식추구형 해외직접투자 시기에 미치는 영향: 일본 제약/화학 다국적 기업의 해외연구소 설립을 중심으로

The Impact of Capabilities and Uncertainties on the Timing of Knowledge-Seeking Foreign Direct Investments: A Study of Overseas R&D Labs of Japanese Multinational Corporations

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 역량 기반 관점(capability-based view)과 불확실성(uncertainty)의 해소와 투자 시행에 관련된 기존 연구들에 근거하여 다국적 기업들이 해외 연구소를 설립하는 지식추구형 해외직접투자(knowledge-seeking FDI)를 언제 시행할 것인지에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 관한 실증 연구이다. 지식추구형 해외직접투자는 다른 유형의 투자에 비해 높은 수준의 자원 투입을 필요로 하고 투자 기간이 길며 성과에 대한 예측이 어렵기 때문에 주로 후속 투자로 발생하고 투자 시행 결정에 있어 기업 내/외부의 불확실성에 민감하게 반응하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 다국적 기업들의 해외 연구소 설립 시기에 영향을 미치는 역량과 불확실성 요인으로 기업의 기술적 역량과 현지의 기술적 자원, 현지 경영 환경의 호의성에 주목하였다. 일본 제약/화학 다국적 기업이 설립한 해외 연구소 자료에 대해 사건사 분석을 시행한 결과, 다국적 기업 본사의 기술적 역량이 강할 때와 현지의 기술적 자원이 풍부할 때 다국적 기업의 해외 연구소가 빨리 설립될 가능성이 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 더불어 현지 국가의 호의적인 경영환경이 현지의 풍부한 기술적 자원과 지식추구형 해외직접투자 시기간의 관계를 강화하는 조절 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

This study proposes a capability-based view and the lens of uncertainty to examine empirically factors influencing the timing of knowledge-seeking FDI (foreign direct investment) of multinational corporations (MNCs). Due to the risk-prone aspects of knowledge-seeking FDI in terms of high commitment of resources and high irreversibility of the investment, firms are likely to be more risk-averse when they decide whether to make knowledge-seeking FDI than market- or efficiency-seeking FDI. Thus, decision-making for knowledge-seeking FDI is significantly influenced by uncertainty related to the investments. This study proposes that there are firm-level (technological capabilities of a MNC) and host country-level factors (abundance of technological resources and business environmental favorability of a host country) which have impacts on uncertainty related to knowledge-seeking FDI of Japanese MNCs. Using event history analysis, we investigate 62 R&D subsidiaries of 32 Japanese pharmaceutical and chemical MNCs. Our findings show that strong technological capabilities of a MNC headquarter and favorable business environment of a host country reduce uncertainty of local knowledge sourcing, thereby promoting knowledge-seeking FDI. Our results also show that abundant technological resources of a host country have a positive impact on the timing of knowledge-seeking FDI. And the impact of abundant technological resources of a host country on the timing of knowledge-seeking FDI is strengthened when business environment of a host country is more favorable.

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