신흥시장진입과정에서 기업의 네트워킹역할과 몰입에 관한 연구- 현대자동차의 중국과 인도자동차시장 진입사례
The role of networking and commitment in emerging market entry process: A case of Hyundai Motor entering into Chinese and Indian automobile market
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본 연구는 기업의 신흥시장진입과정에서 기업간 자원교환에 있어서 상호 의존적 네트워킹의 역할과 몰입이 영향주는 시장진입의 속도를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 특히 기업의 중국과 인도자동차시장 진입시 시장진입속도에 어떠한 요소의 변화가 영향을 미쳤는지, 지역 중요행위자들과 네트워킹이 시장진입을 촉진하는지 그리고 네트워크 관점에서 학습과 몰입이 시장진입과정의 속도에 효과를 나타냈는지 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 신흥시장 특성에 적합한 기업의 전략적 경쟁위치 개발을 위한 포괄적인 이론적 연구모형을 제시하였다. 연구방법은 한국기업의 시장진입과 관계된 전략과 경험에 기초하여 심층면접을 실시하고 부가적으로 필요한 2차 자료를 수집하였다. 연구모형은 시장에서 3단계의 네트워킹, 학습과 몰입의 발전과정에 대한 실증분석을 위하여 현대자동차의 중국과 인도사례 분석을 적용하였다. 기업의 해외시장진입 속도는 지역 중요행위자들과 사회-정치적 행위자들 사이의 네트워킹에 의해서 중대한 영향을 미친다는 것을 도해하였다. 사례에서 현대자동차는 신흥시장 진입초기에 네트워킹의 효과를 거두었으며, 이때 네트워킹의 여러 유형들은 학습과 몰입의 수준을 결정하였다. 특히 자회사의 위치개발과정에서 경쟁기업이 순차적으로 진입하는 동안에 현대차는 차별적인 형태의 협력을 통한 네트워킹으로 빠른 시장진입의 속도를 이루며 경쟁위치를 개발하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 도출한 시사점은 한국기업이 신흥시장에 진입하는데 전략적으로 도움을 주거나, 이미 진출한 기업에게 자사의 현 위치를 정의하고 나아가 경쟁위치를 개발할 수 있는 기회를 갖고자 한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of business networking and commitment in emerging market entry process when MNCs carry out interdependence relationships of networking between firms of exchange resources and those in need of learning and commitment to influence on speed of foreign market entry. We investigate the reasons for variations in the speed of MNCs’ foreign market entry. Particularly, we examine whether MNCs’ networking with the key local actors facilitates MNCs’ entry and whether learning and commitment in the context of networking affects the speed of MNCs’ entry process in the Chinese and Indian automobile market. The study method is based on the strategy and experiences of Korean MNC in connection with gathering the data. Data is collected through in-depth interviews and through secondary sources related to the entry process of these cases. This proposes a comprehensive model in the network perspective for developing three stages of networking, learning and commitment to the market, which is fruitfully demonstrated by an empirical study. Empirical data on Hyundai Motor in China and India are analyzed by this model. The model is an important aspect of strategic management method for developing the competitive position rapidly when the Korean firms are entering into the emerging markets. The cases illustrate that the speed of foreign market entry is significantly influenced by business networking between MNCs, the key business and socio-political actors, since different types of business networking determine the level of learning and commitment. Our cases also show that the effects of business networking generated during the initial foreign market entry by the Hyundai Motor may be different from those during sequential entries. The conclusion reached in the empirical study implies the importances of Korean firms' strategic assistance to enter into the emerging markets. In particular, the firms which have already established a network position indicate some significant aspects of how the firms define their position. The approach developed here has important strategic implications for further contributing to develop a competitive position in emerging markets.
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