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국제기업가정신과 해외진출 성과와의 관계

The Relationship between International Entrepreneurship and Overseas Performance: Focus on International New Venture Firms

채명수|김미정|Jong W. Ha
한국국제경영학회 (Korean Academy of International Business)|2016.05|국제경영연구 (International Business Journal)|제27권 제2호|pp. 1-28|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14365/ibj.2016.27.2.1

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참고문헌

키워드

Performance국제신생벤처기업국제기업가정신International Entrepreneurship해외시장 지식습득해외진출 성과International New VenturesForeign Knowledge Acquisition
주제분류경영학

초록

1990년대 이후 전 세계적으로 설립 직후부터 해외시장 진출을 모색하는 국제신생벤처기업들이 늘어나고 있는 추세를 보이고 있는데, 이러한 진출과 관련된 많은 연구들을 살펴보면 대부분 자원기반관점(resource-based view, RBV)을 바탕으로 한 국제기업가정신에서 그 원인을 찾고 있다. 그러나 국제기업가정신의 구성요인들은 개인의 역량관점과 조직역량관점에서 연구자마다 다양하게 제시되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국제기업가정신의 구성요인을 개인의 역량이 아닌 조직문화적 차원에서의 조직역량으로써 국제기업가정신 개념의 차원을 규명하고자 하였다. 즉, 본 연구에서는 기존 국제신생벤처기업의 Zhang, Tansuhaj와 McCullough(2009)와 Dimitratos, Voudouris, Plakoyiannaki와 Nakos(2012)의 연구에서 공통적으로 제시한 속성들을 바탕으로 국제기업가정신을 기업의 조직문화적인 측면에서 2차요인으로 정의하여 국제위험감수성/혁신지향성, 국제시장지향성, 국제학습지향성, 국제동기, 그리고 국제경험 등으로 살펴보았다. 또한 이러한 국제기업가정신이 기술지식 향상과 해외시장 지식습득 및 해외진출 성과에 미치는 영향 정도를 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 설립 후 5년 이내에 해외시장에 진출한 147개의 국내 국제신생벤처기업을 대상으로 조사하였으며, SPSS(18.0 version)과 AMOS(18.0 version)을 사용하여 확인적 요인분석과 구조모형분석을 통해 변수들 간의 인과관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 국제기업가정신은 다섯 개의 1차요인으로 구성되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국제기업가정신은 기술지식 향상과 해외시장 지식습득에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 기술지식 향상과 해외시장 지식습득은 해외진출 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 국제기업가정신이 해외진출 성과에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구결과는 자원이 부족한 국내의 국제신생벤처기업의 국제화와 경영성과에 있어 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

A growing stream of research on new venture internationalization has recently documented that some young firms are capable of achieving success in global markets much sooner, and more rapidly than what has been observed previously. Such firms have been described as International New Ventures or Born Global Firms. Existing studies on the expansion of international new ventures typically point towards the resource-based view of international entrepreneurship. In response to such studies, this paper seeks to identify the effects of international entrepreneurship on knowledge acquisition and overseas performance in international new ventures. This paper first examined the multidimensional concept of international entrepreneurship of international new ventures composed of international risk-taking/innovation orientation, international market orientation, international learning orientation, international motivation, and international experience based on the study of international entrepreneurship culture. Additionally, we also empirically analyzed how international entrepreneurship influenced technical knowledge improvement, knowledge of overseas markets, and performance. After a review of extant studies, we designed a research model and proposed hypotheses. Based on responses from CEOs and managers of 147 international new ventures in Korea, the proposed model was tested with structural equation modeling with AMOS (18.0 version) and SPSS (18.0 version). The results suggested that international entrepreneurship positively influenced technical knowledge improvement and knowledge of overseas markets as well as performance. However, we were unable to find evidence that international entrepreneurship positively influenced overseas performance.

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