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글로벌 시장에서 중소기업의 기업가정신과 시장지향성에 관한 연구

Entrepreneurship and Market Orientation in International Markets

정인식|김은미
한국산업경영학회 (Korean Association Of Industrial Business Administrarion)|2013.08|경영연구 (Journal of Business Research)|제28권 제3호|pp. 105-124|DOI 10.22903/jbr.2013.28.3.105

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참고문헌

키워드

Market OrientationEntrepreneurship수출성과Export Performance국제기업가정신국제시장지향성
주제분류경영학

초록

국제기업가정신과 국제시장지향성은 중소기업의 부족한 내부 자원의 한계를 극복하고 보다 효과적으로 해외 경영 활동을 할 수 있는 중요한 수단으로 인식되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중소기업의 국제기업가정신과 국제시장지향성, 수출성과 간 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 국제시장지향성을 국제기업가정신의 선행변수로 보았으며 경영자의 해외 시장에 대한 적극적이고 혁신적인 행동이 국제시장지향성을 뒷받침할 경우 기업의 성과에 긍정적인 역할을 한다는데 초점을 두었다. 또한 기업 내부 특성은 경영 효율성을 높이는 효과적인 수단으로 작용한다는 점에서 국제시장지향성과 수출 성과 간 관계에 대해 기업 규모 및 제품 특징, 국제 경험의 조절효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 한국 중소기업을 대상으로 한 실증분석 결과, 국제기업가정신을 통해 해외 시장에 대한 능동적이고 혁신적인 태도가 국제시장지향성을 강화시키고, 이를 바탕으로 해외 시장 내 중소기업의 수출 성과를 향상시킨다는 가설이 지지됨을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 또한, 기업 규모가 작을수록 조직 내 정보의 원활한 공유 및 활용이 가능하다는 가설 역시 지지됨을 알 수 있었다. 해외 시장 내 중소기업의 경영 활동에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로써, 독립적으로 연구가 진행되던 국제기업가정신과 국제시장지향성을 구조적으로 연결함으로써 향후 이와 관련한 선행요인 및 결과요인에 관한 추가적인 연구가 활발하게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

As the growing participation of small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) in international markets, international entrepreneurship and international market orientation are considered primary menas of overcoming lack of organizational resources and creating sustainable values. This study focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurship, market orientation, and performance in SMEs actives in international markets. Especially, this study considers international market orientation as both a consequent phenomenon of international entrepreneurship and a systematic safeguard against undue risk-taking tendency. An international business can achieve market orientation’s full potential when driven by international entrepreneurship, appropriate organizational design, and structure. This study also examines the moderating effects of firms’ internal factors on the link between international market orientation and performance, because the firm characteristic resources are effective means by which SMEs improve its efficiency and effectiveness. The findings of this study indicate that international entrepreneurship enhances international market orientation, and market orientation improves performance in international markets. In addition, the result shows that the positive effect of international market orientation on performance is stronger when firm size is smaller, because of sharing market information more effectively across organizational functions. This study will be helpful to adjust other research streams and build new ideas of SMEs’ business and marketing activities in international markets.

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