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귀환 창업자가 기업 성과에 미치는 영향: 중국의 사회적 네트워크와 지식이전의 조절효과를 중심으로

The Effect of Returnee CEO’ Social Networks on Firm Performance: Focusing on China’s Host Connection Effect, Overseas Connection and Knowledge Transfer Moderating Effect

최성진|김건휘|왕영소|웅욱만
한국국제경영학회 (Korean Academy of International Business)|2024.11|국제경영연구 (International Business Journal)|제35권 제4호|pp. 193-218|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14365/ibj.2024.35.4.7

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키워드

Knowledge Transfer지식이전Social Network Theory소셜 네트워크 이론귀환 창업모국 사회관계해외 사회관계Home connectionHost connectionReturnee CEOs
주제분류경영학

초록

귀환 창업자(Returnee CEO)는 그 독특한 역량 때문에 기업 성과에 적지 않은 영향을 미치고 있다고 알려져 있다. 기존 연구에서는 일반적으로 귀환 창업자의 개인 능력에 주목하고 귀환 창업자의 혁신성이 기업성과에 긍정적 영향을 미친다고 보았다. 그러나 현실적으로 귀환 창업자는 다양한 사회 모국(母國) 자본을 보유하고 있으며, 단순히 귀환 창업자인지 여부가 기업에게 같은 정도의 영향을 미치는 것은 아니다. 또 창업자들의 해외 사회관계와 지식 이전 능력 역시 상이하기 때문에 기업 성과에 서로 다른 영향을 미칠 수도 있다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 아직 발굴하지 않은 귀환 창업자의 소셜 네트워크에 초점을 두며 귀환 창업자의 모국 소셜 네트워크가 귀환 창업자가 모국에 돌아간 후의 창업성과에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 한다. 여기에서 더 나아가 귀환 창업자의 해외 사회관계와 지식 이전 능력이 어떠한 조절 효과를 미치는지, 소셜 네트워크 이론을 통해 설명한다. 중국 국적 귀환 창업자 303명을 대상으로 한 설문 자료를 분석한 결과, 강화된 모국 사회관계는 기업 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견하였다. 동시에, 귀환 창업자의 해외 사회관계 및 지식 이전 능력은 성과에 정(+)의 조절 효과를 가지게 되는 것도 발견하였다. 본 연구는 귀환 창업자에 관한 연구를 사회관계의 측면으로 고도화하여 현실 설명력을 부여했다는 의의가 있다. 또 지식 이전의 실제 효과를 분석함으로써 기업이 귀환 창업자의 역량을 충분히 활용하는 데에 있어 실무적 함의가 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

Returnee CEOs are known to significantly influence corporate performance due to their unique capabilities. Existing studies generally focus on the personal abilities of returnee CEOs and suggest that their innovativeness positively impacts corporate performance. However, in reality, returnee CEOs possess various forms of social capital from their home countries, and merely being a returnee CEO does not exert the same level of influence on a company. Additionally, the overseas social relationships and knowledge transfer abilities of founders vary, potentially leading to different impacts on corporate performance. This study focuses on the social networks of returnee CEOs, which have not been extensively explored in previous research, and aims to elucidate the impact of returnee CEOs’ home country social networks on entrepreneurial performance after returning to their home countries. Furthermore, it examines how overseas social relationships and knowledge transfer abilities of returnee CEOs moderate this relationship, explained through social network theory. An analysis of survey data from 303 Chinese returnee CEOs revealed that enhanced home country social relationships positively affect corporate performance. Additionally, the overseas social relationships and knowledge transfer abilities of returnee CEOs were found to have positive moderating effects on performance. This study contributes to research on returnee CEOs by advancing the perspective of social relationships, thereby enhancing explanatory power in real- world contexts. Moreover, by analyzing the actual effects of knowledge transfer, it is expected to provide practical implications for companies to effectively utilize the capabilities of returnee CEOs.

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