인수합병의 거래가격이 기업의 미래가치에 미치는 영향: 산업 내 경쟁 수준과 이종 산업 인수합병의 조절효과를 중심으로
The Effect of the M&A’s Transaction Value on the Acquirer's Firm Value: Focusing on the Moderating Effects of the Industry-level Competition and the Cross-Industry M&A
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초록
본 연구는 기업 간 인수합병에서 피인수기업의 거래 가격이 인수기업의 기업 가치에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 이때 기업환경과 특성을 종합적으로 고려하기 위하여 산업 내 경쟁 수준과 피인수기업의 이종 산업 여부 등 두 가지 조절변수를 제안하였다. 본 연구의 모형을 검증하기 위하여 SDC Platinum에서 미국기업의 인수합병 관련 데이터를 수집하였고, 기업 관련 데이터는 WRDS Compustat에서 수집하였다. 2014년부터 2019년까지의 기간을 대상으로 최종적으로 309개 기업에 대한 총 695건의 M&A 관련 데이터를 표본으로 선정하였다. 분석 결 과, 인수합병 시 거래 가격은 인수기업의 미래가치에 부정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 인수기업이 속한 산업 내 경쟁 수준이 높을수록 이러한 효과는 긍정적인 방향으로 상쇄되었다. 특히 인수합병 대상이 이종 산업에 속한 기업일 경우, 그러한 상쇄 효과는 더욱 강해지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 인수합병의 거래가격이 인수기업의 미래가치에 유의한 영향을 미치는 동시에, 그 효과가 산업 내 경쟁수준과 피인수기업의 이종 산업 여부에 따라 조절된다는 사실을 계량적으로 입증했다는 점에서 학술적 의의를 가진다.
Abstract
This study assesses the effect of merger and acquisition (M&A) transaction value on the acquirer's firm value. Specifically, to account for the corporate environment and characteristics, we propose two moderating variables: the level of industry-level competition and cross-industry M&A. We collect data related to M&A cases involving acquirers of U.S. nationality from SDC Platinum and firm-related data from WRDS Compustat. The final dataset comprises panel data from 309 firms between 2014 and 2019. We employ a fixed effects model to test the proposed hypotheses. The results show that the M&A transaction value has a negative effect on the acquirer's firm value. However, we find that this effect can be offset when the industry-level competition is intense. Moreover, the offset can be more significant if the target company belongs to a different industry. This study contributes to the related literature by demonstrating that M&A transaction value significantly affects the acquirer's firm value and that the effect can be moderated by the competitive environment and the nature of cross- industry M&A. Practical implications and directions for future research are also discussed.
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