예나 시기 헤겔 정신철학에 나타나는 보편자와 개별자의 통일에 대한 고찰 ― 『예나 체계기획 Ⅲ』을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to identify the unification of the universal and the individual in Hegel’s Jenaer Systementwurfe Ⅲ. For this purpose, we will examine the characteristics of the universal and the individual presented by Hegel, and examine how the universal and the individual are united by means of knowledge. According to Hegel, the individual has two main characteristics. First, the individual exists as a self-denial. That is, the individual denies himself and gives up. Second, the individual exists not as a follower of their impulse, but as a will knowing the universal. In other words, the individual forms the knowledge of the universal and receives it as a principle of life. Then again, the universal is a vivid subject of his own nature. The notion that the universal exists vividly means that the universal can exist only by differentiating itself into many different the individual. Thus, the universal divides himself into many individuals, and the individual uses the universal as their principle of life. In short, the universal becomes the individual, and the individual becomes the universal. Hegel refers to this as the unity of the universal and the individual. Hegel emphasizes that the unification of the universal and the individual is achieved through the means of knowledge. In unification achieved by means of knowledge, the independence of the individual is assured and it enables organic and lively unification of both. In this state of unification, the universal fully actualizes his own nature and the the individual achieves complete freedom through cultivation. In addition, the unification of both provides a theoretical basis for the formation of a community in which many different individuals can seek common values.