무덤에서 나온 지혜: 전도서 9장의 주석과 신학적 메시지
The Wisdom from a Grave: The Exegesis and the Message of Ecc. 9
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이 글은 주석과 설교의 간극을 좁히는 일, 성서연구의 아카데미즘(전문성)과 저널리즘(대중성)의 가교하는 일이 오늘날 성서학의 중요한 과제임을 인식하고 이에 대한 하나의 방향을 제시하려고 한다. 이를 위해 전도서 9장을 신학적으로 주석하고, 그 메시지를 끌어냄으로 설교자들에게도 유익한 분석이 되었으면 한다.
Abstract
This essay suggests a way to fill up a gap between the exegesis of the Bible and preaching, recognizing that it is the important task of today's biblical studies. Building the bridge between Academism(professionalism) and Journalism(popularity) requires a leading attitude of biblical studies scholars first. This essay focuses on Ecclesiastes 9 and finds the meaning and messages of this chapter. I hope this analysis -the theological exegesis of Eccl. 9 and the message from it- to be useful for many preachers to preach it in their churches. First, Eccl. 9:1-6 concerns the life in the face of death. The latter part of verse 1a "the righteous and the wise and what they do are in God's hands" and verse 4 are quotation from the speech of Koheleth's contemporaries. Koheleth refutes the quotation(v 1a, 4) that the expectation of hope after the death of the righteous and the wise(cause and effect). Koheleth turns his eyes from uncertainties after the death to the reality before the death. Second, Eccl. 9:7-10 states the life on this earth. This paragraph is the broadest part extended by the motif 'Carpe-diem.' The food< >of verse 7 and the word "already"< > that appears only in Ecclesiastes are related to Genesis 3:19. This verse implies that God already enjoyed and received to eat food and drink wine. This means that enjoying life is the original intention of Creator. Koheleth insists that the true faithful life is to enjoy the gifts given from God in God. Third, Eccl. 9:11-12 makes clear that human beings stand before the suddenly coming death. "time"< >of verse 11 is the appropriate time (expected event), "chance"< > indicates the accidental time (unexpected event). Verse 12 represents, by showing the picture of the fish in a net, that human beings stand before the death. Last, Eccl. 9:13-18 deals with the limits of the wisdom. The aphorism(격언), in verse 17-18a, that praises the wisdom is a quotation. The content of verse 14-15 introduces a certain historical event but it is not possible and important to identify the event. The important thing is the intention of the statement. Now, Koheleth draws a line at the overrated wisdom. This means that the wisdom also has the limitation.
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