“그 땅에서 쫓겨난 자(נִכְּאוּ מִן־הָאָרֶץ)”에 대한 사회학적 분석- 욥기 30: 1~8을 중심으로 -
Sociological Analysis of “Those who were Driven Out of the Land(#r<a"h'-!mi WaK.nI)”: Centered on Job 30:1~8
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필자는 욥기 30장 1~8절을 통해 “그 땅에서 쫓겨난 자”에 대한 사회학적 분석을 통해 그 의미를 고찰하였다. 이들은 경작하던 토지를 상실하여 기근과 굶주림에 시달리게 되었다. 더욱이 구덩이와 같은 열악한 주거 환경은 이들이 인간 이하의 멸시를 받는 것과 잘 맞아 떨어져 본문이 그 실상을 더욱 비참하게 묘사하도록 했다. 이에 필자는 “그 땅에서 쫓겨난 자들”에 대해 다음과 같이 정의할 수 있다. 첫째, “그 땅에서 쫓겨난 자들”의 극단적 빈곤은 악인이 가난한 자의 토지를 탐욕적인 방법으로 수탈하는 과정에서 발생한 결과였다. 본문은 이들이 한 사회로부터 쫓겨났고 그들이 추방당하는 곳이 “그 땅으로부터(#r<a"h-!mi/민-하아레츠)”이라고 기술한다. 그러므로 #r<a"h'-!mi WaK.nI(니케후 민-하아레츠)는 그 구문 자체가 이들의 경제적 상황과 사회 환경을 잘 대변하는 표현이라고 할 수 있다. 둘째, “그 땅에서 쫓겨난 자들”은 공동체로 재편입할 기회가 박탈된 자들이었다. 이는 기존 사회가 배타적 성향을 가지고 있음을 의미한다. 이것은 이 배경이 혈통적 뿌리를 중요시하여 배타성을 정당화했던 시대적 요인도 반영한 것으로도 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 본문은 특수 계층에 대한 경제, 사회적 차별을 담고 있어 율법과 사회규범이 가난한 자들의 생존권을 대변해 주지 못했음을 시사한다. 그러므로 사람들은 “땅에서 쫓겨난 자들”이 굶주림으로 기존 사회에 접근하려 했을 때 이들을 도둑으로 몰아 소리 질러 쫓아냈다. 이는 히브리인의 법전이 사회 윤리를 실현하는데 아무런 역할을 하지 못했다는 것을 의미이다. 이에 본문에 나타난 “그 땅에서 쫓겨난 자들”에 대한 기술들은 사회적 차별의 결과로 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
Sociological Analysis of “Those who were Driven out of the Land(#r<a"h'-!mi WaK.nI)”: Centered on Job 30:1~8 Han-Geun Cho Ph.D Professor, Department of Christianity The Salvation Army Graduate University This paper examines the meaning of “those who were driven out of the land” through sociological analysis in Job 30:1~8. They forfeited the land they had cultivated, suffering from famine and starvation. Moreover, conditions of their dwelling places such as pits describe their situation as subhuman, making the text more miserable to portray the reality. The verse 8 “those who were driven out of the land” defines as follows: First, the extreme poverty of “those who were driven out of the land” was the result of the wicked’s greed who took the poor’s land. The text states that they were expelled from their society and “from the land(#r<a"h-!mi/min-ha'arez).” Therefore, the phrase “#r<a"h'-!mi WaK.nI(nikeu min-ha'arez)” can be said as an expression that well represents their socio-economic conditions. Second, “those who were driven out of the land” were people who were deprived opportunities to reintegrate into the community. This means that the existing society has exclusive tendencies. This background also reflects the factors of the times that justified exclusivity by emphasizing pedigree roots. Third, the text contains economic and social discrimination against special classes, suggesting that commandments and social norms which don’t represent the poor's right to live. Therefore, when “those who were driven out of the earth” tried to access to the society by hunger, people called them thieves and shouted them out. This means that the Hebrew code did not work at all to realize the social ethics. Therefore, the descriptions of “those who were driven out of the land” appearing in the text can be seen as a result of social discrimination.
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