구약성서의 인명 변화에 대한 연구
A Study of Change of Personal Names in the Old Testament
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본 연구는 구약성서에 언급된 인명에 대한 연구로서, 인명에 내포된 신적 요소(여호-, 요-, -야, -야후, 엘-, -엘)를 분석하였고 이를 고고학적으로 발견된 인명들과 비교하여 그 특징을 살펴보았다. 신적 요소를 포함한 인명의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 율법서(창세기~신명기), 신명기적 역사서(여호수아~열왕기하), 역대기 역사서(에스라~느헤미야)에 언급된 인명들을 비교 분석하였고 이를 지금까지 발굴 등 고고학적 연구를 통하여 70여 개의 장소에서 발견된 도장, 인장, 진흙인장, 비문 등에 언급된 977개의 인명과 비교하였다.
Abstract
This paper explores personal names mentioned in the Bible which include divine elements (Yeho-, Yo-, -yah, -yahu, El-, -el). Comparing with the names known from the archaeological findings (seals, seal impressions, bullae, inscription etc.), it analyzes them to understand their general characteristics. In order to examine the change of biblical personal names with divine elements, all personal names in Torah, Deuteronomistic Books and Books of Ezra-Nehemiah are analyzed and the results are compared with 977 names known from archaeological finding in the Iron Age. It comes to conclude as follwing: 1) even though personal names with the general noun for god, Elohim element do not yield prominent characteristic changes, those with the proper noun, Yahweh element are few found in Torah and in Deuteronomistic Books, they become larger when it comes to late period. The fact that names with Yahweh element were widely used in post-exilic period negates the opinion of anachronic understanding of Torah that they reflects situations of the late periods. In the analysis of personal names in the Bible, Torah can be understood as the earlier phase in the process of development of names with divine element of Yahweh. 2) If we compare the results of analysis of characteristics and changes of biblical names of the Old Testament with those known from archaeological findings, it can be said that the Old Testament was described in the central role of the southern Judah. 3) The analysis of change of ratio of names with Yahweh elements and those with Elohim elements indicates that in Torah, names with Elohim elements outstandingly occupy more than those with Yahweh elements(28.5 times), in Deuteronomistic books, the ratio is conversed to (18.7%- names with Yahweh elements vs. 7.7%- names with Elohim elements) while in the book of Ezra-Nehemiah the latter is less than the former (3.8 times). To compare with names archaeologically known, it is said that the archaeological evidences of the Iron Age match not with names from Torah, nor those from the earlier books of Deuteronomistic History (Joshua-Judges-Samuel) but rather with names of the book of Kings and correspond with those of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah.
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