욥기에 나타난 토지 독점에 따른 경제 정의의 공공성 파괴 원인 연구(욥기24장1-12절 중심으로)
A Study on the Causes of Destruction of Publicity of Economic Justice by the Land Monopoly Shown in Job: Centered on Job 24:1-12
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본 연구는 욥기 24장에 나타난 토지 독점을 통해 경제 정의의 공공성이 파괴된 원인을 고찰하데 목적이 있다. 욥기 24장은 농경사회를 배경으로 권력자들이 가난한자들의 토지를 수탈하므로 이에 따른 사회적 역기능들을 기술하고 있다. 이에 근본적인 원인은 토지 소유의 변화로 소수의 권력에 의해 부가 독점되므로 경제정의의 공공성이 파괴되었기 때문이다. 즉 토지 소유가 일부 권력자들에게 과도하게 독점되어 농업 사회였던 유다의 경제 구조가 특수계층에 의해 지배받게 되었다. 결국 토지 독점은 고대 유다 사회의 경제 질서를 교란시키고 불평등을 심화시키는 원인이 되었다. 이에 욥기 24장은 토지의 독점으로 인한 경제적 불평등의 결과를 낱낱이 기술하고 있다. 특히 욥기24장은 권력자들이 부의 독점적 지위를 유지하기 위해 토지와 그 부속된 자산을 무자비하게 탈취하는 과정과 그 결과를 기술한고 있다. 이것은 경제적으로 불평등한 사회적 변화이다. 이는 전통적 토지제도의 붕괴를 의미하는 것으로 경제적 평등의식이 깨지고 부의 편중을 가져와 사회적 공공성을 훼손하는 원인이 되었다. 이와 같은 경제 환경은 가난한자들이 사회 구성원에서 밖으로 내몰려 삶에 터전을 잃고 유리하는 자나 혹은 농노로 전락하게 했다(욥24:4,10,11). 이렇게 권력자들이 토지를 독점 할 수 있었던 것은 사법적 기능이 제대로 작동하지 않았기 때문이다. 사법적 기능의 부재는 과도한 저당권 설정이 가능하여 토지에 예속된 가난한자들의 소유물들을 쉽게 탈취 할 수 있어 최빈곤층을 증가시켰다. 즉 재판의 기능이 오히려 경제적 공정성을 해치므로 부패한 법정을 만들어 냈고 권력자들로 하여금 가난한자들을 대상으로 그 용도와 범위에 상관없이 무작위로 채권을 회수할 명분을 제공했다. 그러므로 욥기 24장은 개인이 처한 고통의 문제가 경제 정의의 부재로 인해 불평등이 사회적 공공성을 파괴하므로 발생했던 내용들을 담고 있다. 이에 필자는 본 논문에서 욥기 24장 안에 토지의 독점이 어떻게 공공성을 파괴하고 경제 질서를 교란시켰는지 살펴봤다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the cause of the destruction of public interest in economic justice through the land monopoly Shown in Job 24. Job 24 describes the social dysfunctions that resulted from the man of power taking over the land of the poor against the backdrop of agrarian society The underlying cause is changes in land ownership have destroyed the public interest of economic justice by the monopoly of wealth by a small number of powers. In other words, land ownership was overly monopolized by some powers, and the economic structure of Judah, which was an agricultural society, was dominated by specific classes. In the end, the land monopoly was responsible for disrupting the economic order of the society of ancient Judah and deepening inequality. Thus Job 24 describes in detail the consequences of economic inequality caused by the land monopoly. In particular, Job 24 describes the process and the consequences of the ruthless extortion of land and its attached assets by those in power to maintain the monopolistic status of wealth. This was an economically unequal social change. This meant the collapse of the traditional land system, which became a cause to undermine social publicity by breaking the sense of economic equality and bringing about the partiality of wealth. This economic environment forced the poor to be out of the society, to lose their place in life, and to become wanderers or serfs (Job 24: 4, 10, 11). The reason why those in powers were able to monopolize the land because the judicial functions did not work properly. The judicial malfunction increased the poorest by enabling excessive mortgage-setting and then easy seizure of the possessions of the poor who were subjugated to the land. In other words, the functions of the trial rather impaired economic fairness, creating a corrupt court and providing those in power with justification for the recovery of their bonds at random regardless of their purpose and scope. Therefore, Job 24, displays the contents that the problems of individual's suffering generated bcauseof social publicity's being destroyed by inequality due to the lack of economic justice. This paper So I looked at how the monopoly of land destroyed the public interest and disrupted economic order in Job 24.
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