4Q174 Florilegium에 나타난 쿰란 공동체의 현세적 열망
The Temporal Aspirations of the Qumran Community in 4Q174 Florilegium
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본 연구는 쿰란 4번 동굴에서 발견된 4Q174『성구해설집(Florilegium)』을 ‘종말론적 문헌’이 아닌 ‘정결 규례를 위한 공동체 문헌’으로 규정한다. 많은 학자들이 4Q174 안에 사용된 ‘그날에,’ ‘끝날에,’ ‘영원히,’ ‘벨리알’ 등의 단어를 근거로 4Q174를 종말론적 문헌이라고 명명한다. 그러나 4Q174가 기록된 시기의 정세에 비추어 볼 때 이 지역에서 머물고 있던 이들에게 시급한 문제는 ‘성전의 정화’였기에 이들의 관심은 성전과 정결의 관점에서 더 잘 이해된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 본문이 가리키는 성전이 ‘종말론적 성전’이 아니라 당시 존재한 ‘예루살렘 성전’일 것이며 이 문헌을 공유한 공동체는 자신들을 ‘여호와의 총회’(신 23:1-3)로 이해했으며 성전의 정결을 위해 스스로 정결을 지키기 위한 사상을 4Q174 안에 남겼을 것이라고 주장한다. 이를 밝히기 위해 본 연구에서는 4Q174의 역사적 배경과 신학을 관찰하고 4Q174가 인용하는 구약 문헌들을 분석하여 이를 토대로 쿰란 공동체가 이스라엘 성전을 향한 현세적 열망을 가지고 있었다는 것을 밝히고자 한다.
Abstract
This study argues that the temple to which these texts refer is not the 'eschatological temple' but the Jerusalem temple as it existed at the time, and that the communities that shared these texts sought to prepare themselves for the purification of the temple. This study questions the conclusion of scholars that the 4Q174 Florilegium found in Cave 4 at Qumran is an eschatological text. Many scholars argue that the 4Q174 is an eschatological text based on the words used in it, such as ‘in that day,’ ‘at the end of time,’ ‘belial,’ and ‘forever’. However, the 4Q174 is an anthology of texts that reflect Old Testament Temple Theology, and most of the quoted expressions are not for the end of the day, so they do not represent new ideas. In the context of the time in which the 4Q174 was written, a urgent issue for those living in the region was the ‘purification of the temple’. Their problem is better understood in the context of previous theologies of the temple. To do so, this study examines the historical context and theology of the 4Q174 and analyzes the Old Testament texts it cites to show that the Qumran community had temporal aspirations for the Temple in Israel.
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