아프리카산 발톱개구리의 치아형성띠 표지인자 pitx2 의 발현
Pitx2 expression, an odontogenic band marker in Xenopus laevis
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초록
치아의 발달은 치아판(dental lamina)의 형성으로부터 시작하고, 이어서 치배(tooth germ)는 모양에 따라치아원기(dental placode)와 모자시기(cap stage), 종시기(bell stage)로 발달한다. 치아판은 치아를 형성하는줄기세포(stem cells)로 알려져 있고, 비포유동물의 치아판에서 1차 치아(primary tooth)뿐만 아니라 계승치아가 형성되는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 치아판에서 발현되는 유전자의 발현들이 설치류와 어류, 파충류, 조류에서 보고되어 있지만, 양서류의 치아형성 과정에서 pitx2 의 발현은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이 연구에서 양서류의 치배형성과정에서 pitx2 의 발현양상을 확인하기 위해 아프리카산 발톱개구리 올챙이의 위턱을 고정하여 whole mount in situ hybridization을 이용하였다. 아프리카산 발톱개구리의 위턱에서 치배는 stage 54부터, 치아바탕질은 stage 56부터 각각 형성되었고, 치배와 치아바탕질은 뒤코구멍의 앞쪽에서 나타나기 시작하여 안쪽과 먼쪽으로 치배와 치아바탕질이 형성되었다. Pitx2 의 발현은 stage 54의 치아형성띠에서 발현되었고, stage 55부터 stage 57까지 pitx2의 발현은 타원형 또는 긴 삼각형으로 나타났다. Pitx2 의 발현은 모자시기의 치배에서는 뚜렷하게 확인되었으나 종시기에서는 미약하였다. 이상의 결과로 아프리카산 발톱개구리에서 pitx2 는 치아형성띠 표지인자이고, 치배형성에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
Amphibians are polyphyodonts, which continually replace teeth during their lifetime. Tooth development starts from the dental lamina and the tooth germ goes through the placode, bud, cap, and bell stages. The dental lamina contains stem cells and has been reported to express molecular markers. However, little is known about the molecular markers in the odontogenic band of amphibians. In this study, pitx2 expression in the tooth germ was investigated from 26 days post-fertilization (PF, stage 54) to 41 days PF (stage 57) by using whole mount in situ hybridization in Xenopous laevis. The first tooth germ was formed anterior to the choanae and the tooth germs developed in the mesiodistal direction. Pitx2 was expressed in the odontogenic band from stage 54 onwards and was expressed strongly in the tooth germ at stages 55 and 56. From stage 57, pitx2 was intensely expressed in the round tooth germs and slender odontogenic band but mildly expressed in the triangular tooth germs. These data demonstrate that pitx2 is a marker for the odontogenic band in Xenopus laevis and may play a critical role in the tooth germ induction and formation.
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