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Implications of tooth development and evolution for tooth regeneration

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초록

치아는 수백만 년 전부터 현재까지 많은 척추동물에서 진화한 독특한 구강 내 구조물이다. 지난 약 사십 여 년 동안의 연구에 의해 치아발생의 시작에서 맹출 까지 자세한 형태형성 과정과 분자생물학적 신호전달 과정에 관한 지식이 심도 있게 밝혀졌다. 다양한 종에서 발생단계 및 진화과정 동안 보존된 신호전달 조절 규칙은 한정된조직과 시공간에서 일어나는 치아 형태형성과정을 조절하며, 이 조절 규칙과 관련된유전자의 돌연변이는 결과적으로 치아와 주위조직의 치명적인 구조와 기능의 결함을초래하여, 이와 관련된 다양한 치과질환을 야기할 수 있다. 또한 치아는 오랜 시간을화석으로 견딜 수 있는 경조직의 특징을 갖고 있으며 발생단계의 독특하고 분명한 형태형성과정을 확인할 수 있는 장점을 갖고 있어 치아를 이용하여 진화의 원리를 연구하고, 다양한 종간의 형태학적인 차이를 연구하여, 발생진화학과 재생의학으로 연구범위를 넓힐 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그리고 치아조직에서 유래된 다양한 줄기세포들은 현재까지 다양한 연구를 거쳐 줄기세포의 정립과 작용을 위한 연구 모델시스템으로 이용되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 치아발생 과정에 나타나는 유전자의 발현과 치아형성에 관여하는 세포들의 재배열 경향에 대해 확인하고, 치아의 발생과 재생을 진화의 과정과 비교하여 정리하였다. 또한 치아 대체 및 재생 치료에서의 치아유래 줄기세포의 조작이 갖는 향후 연구 및 발전 가능성에 대한 내용들을 제시하고자 하였다.

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