아프리카산 발톱개구리의 치아에서 ameloblastin의 발현
Ameloblastin expression in the tooth of Xenopus laevis
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초록
법랑질(enamel)은 상피에서 유래하는 법랑질모세포(ameloblasts)로부터 분비되는 법랑질바탕질단백질(enamel matrix protein)과 바탕질단백질분해효소(matrix proteinase)의 상호작용과 무기질의 침착으로 형성된다. 비포유류의 치아에서는 법랑질과 유사한 enameloid가 먼저 형성되고, 일생동안 계승치아가 반복적으로 형성되는 특징이 있다. 비포유류 중 멸종되지 않고 현존하는 동물에서 법랑질바탕질단백질은 5억년전부터 오랜 기간 동안 잘 보존되어 있다. 법랑질바탕질단백질 중에서 ameloblastin은 계통발생학적으로 복제과정을 거치면서 amelogenin으로 나누어져 진화되었다. 포유류의 치아에서 ameloblastin의 발현에 관한 연구는 다양한 동물에서 보고되었고, ameloblastin 과발현변이 생쥐의 치아에서 enameloid의 구조가 보고되었다. 비포유류의 치아에서 ameloblastin의 발현은 도마뱀에서 보고된 바 있으나, 양서류의 치아에서 이 유전자의 발현에 관한 연구는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 아프리카산 발톱개구리의 어린시기 올챙이와 변태후 개구리의 치아에서 ameloblastin의 발현을 확인하기 위해 H-E 염색과 Masson’s trichrome 염색과 in situ hybridization을 수행하였다. 그 결과로써 아프리카산 발톱개구리에서 ameloblastin은 치아바탕질 형성이전 모자시기의 치배와 위턱뼈에 유착하는 기능단계 치아에서는 발현되지 않았고, 법랑질과enameloid가 형성되는 종시기 치배부터 기능전단계 치아의 법랑질모세포에서 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 아프리카산 발톱개구리의 치아에서 ameloblastin은 법랑질과 enameloid의 형성에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Enamel is formed through the interaction of enamel matrix protein and matrix proteinase secreted from ameloblasts and the deposition of minerals. In non-mammalian teeth, enameloid, which is similar to enamel, is formed first, and successive teeth are replaced iteratively throughout life. Among non-mammals, enamel matrix proteins in extant animals have been well preserved for 500 million years. Phylogenetically, ameloblastin, an enamel matrix protein, diverged into amelogenin through duplication. Ameloblastin expression in the teeth of mammals was described in various animals. It was reported that the structure of enameloid is shown in the teeth of ameloblastin transgenic mice. Ameloblastin expression in the teeth of non-mammalian vertebrates was observed in lizards, but little is known about the expression of this gene in the teeth of amphibians. In this study, we aimed to confirm the expression of ameloblastin in the tooth of Xenopus laevis by using H-E staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and in situ hybridization. Our findings showed that ameloblastin was expressed in ameloblasts of tooth germs during the bell stage when enamel and enameloid are formed, and during the prefunctional tooth stage before the tooth is ankylosed to the maxilla, but not in tooth germ at the cap stage prior to the formation of the tooth matrix or during the functional stage when the tooth is fused to the maxilla. Based on these results, we suggest that ameloblastin plays an important role in the formation of enamel and enameloid in the teeth of Xenopus laevis.
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