간편형 자기보고식 아동 청소년 집행기능 곤란 질문지 타당화
Validity of Child-Adolescent Self-reported Executive Function Difficulty Screening Questionnaire
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초록
본 연구에서는 집행기능의 일차 사전 선별을 위한 도구로의 기능을 할 수 있는 간편형 집행기능곤란 문항을 개발하여 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 송현주(2010) 연구에서 추출한 68문항을 사용하여 고등학생 1학년, 2학년과 3학년 529명(남 274, 여 251), 초등학생 5학년과 6학년 216명(남 112, 여 104)을 대상으로 하여 요인구조와 문항들을 추출하였고 초등학교 5학년 44명(남 24, 여 20)과 고등학교 1학년 46명(남 27, 여 19)을 대상으로 지능검사, 스투룹검사와 색선로검사를 실시하여 타당도를 검증하였다. 주축요인분석을 사용하여 탐색적 요인분석이 실시되었고 구조방정식을 사용하여 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 총 40문항이 추출되었고 4개의 요인으로 세분되었으며 계획-조직화곤란, 행동통제곤란, 정서통제곤란과 부주의로 명명되었다. 각각의 4개 요인과 전체 4요인모델에 대한 적합도 지수를 산출하였다. CFI, TLI와 RMSEA 세가지 적합도지수를 비교한 결과, 일부 TLI가 다소 낮은 수치를 보였으나 전체적으로 볼때 수용 가능한 적합도로 판단되었다. 또한 Cronbach a계수가 모두 .8을 넘어 내적 일치도가 검증되었으며 집행기능 관련 신경심리측정치와의 유의한 상관을 통해 타당도도 입증되었다. 고등학생 집단에서는 행동통제곤란이 전체 지능(r=-.378, p <.05)과 언어이해요인(r=-.347, p <.05)과 유의한 상관을 보였으며 부주의가 지각추론요인(r=-.393, p <.01)과 스투룹간섭시간(r=.360, p <.05)과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 초등학생집단에서는 행동통제곤란이 스투룹간섭45초반응시간(r=.333, p <.05)과 유의한 상관을 보였으며 부주의가 스투룹간섭시간(r=.370, p <.05)과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 연구 결과, 본 연구에서 추출한 40문항은 보다 심층적인 집행기능 평가를 위해 일차적으로 선별하는 도구로서 타당함이 입증되었다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop and verify the validity of the executive function questionnaire as a screening tool. The 68 items by Song(2010) were used to develop the questionnaire. The subjects were 529 high school students(freshman, sophomores, juniors)(male 274, female 251), 216 elementary school students(fifth and sixth grade) (male 112, female 104) to extract the items and the structure. An additional 44 elementary school students(fifth grade) 44 people(male 24, female 20) and 46 high school freshman(male 27, female 19) were used to verify the validity. Principle axial factoring was conducted for exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis using Structural Equation Model was conducted. In the result, overall 40 questions were extracted and divided into four factors, planning-organizing difficulties, behavior control difficulty, emotional control difficulty, and attention-concentration difficulty. Each of the four factors and the total four-factor model fit indices were calculated. Using CFI, TLI and RMSEA which showed that some TLI were less than 0.9, but all models had acceptable fit. Every Cronbach a coefficient was over 0.8, confirming strong internal consistency. Moreover, the concurrent validity was confirmed by presence of a significant correlation between each factor and executive function neuro-psychological testing results. Among high school students, behavior control difficulty was correlated with full IQ(r = - .378, p <.05) and verbal comprehension factors(r = - .347, p <.05), while attention-concentration difficulty was correlated with perceptual reasoning factors(r = - .393, p <.01), and Stroop inference time(r = .360, p <.05). Elementary school students showed a significant correlation between behavior control difficulty and Stroop 45 seconds response time(r = .333, p <.05) and between attention-concentration difficulties and Stroop interference time(r = .370, p <.05). In conclusion, the 40 items executive function difficulty questionnaire developed by this study as a tool for screening was verified to be reliable and valid.
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