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장애인의 장애수용척도(Disability Acceptance Scale)에 대한 라쉬 분석(Rasch Analysis)의 적용

Application of Rasch Analysis to the Disability Acceptance Scale for People with Disabilities

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초록

본 연구에서는 한국의 장애인을 대상으로 한국장애인개발원의 장애인의 삶 패널에서 사용하고 있는 장애 수용 척도 12개 문항에 대해 라쉬 분석을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 패널에서 제공하는 가장 최신 자료인 5차(2022년도) 조사 자료를 사용하여 무작위 300명의 표본을 추출하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 분석한 장애 수용 척도는 신뢰도와 타당도가 적합하여 한국 장애인의 장애 수용 정도를 파악하기 위한 평가도구로서 적합한 것이 검증되었다. 라쉬 모형의 표준 잔차 주성분 분석을 통해 7번 문항을 제거한 11개 문항 척도에서 일차원성 및 지역 독립성이 충족되는 것을 검증하여 해당 척도가 측정하고자 하는 대상을 타당하게 측정하고 있음을 증명하였다. 또한 평정 척도 분석에서는 4점 Likert 척도의 외적합 지수의 평균 자승 잔차, 평균 측정치의 수직적 배열 및 증가, 단계 교정치의 간격이 모두 설정한 기준에 적합하였다. 또한 4점 Likert 척도의 그래프를 통해 시각적으로 고른 분포를 확인하였다. 성별에 따른 차등항목기능은 없었으며, 주장 애정도(등급)에 따른 차등항목기능은 1번 항목이 해당되었다. 천장 및 바닥 효과는 없어 척도의 해석이 용이하였으며, 높은 수준의 내적 일관성 및 양호한 수준의 응답자 분리 신뢰도, 높은 수준의 문항 분리 신뢰도가 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 문항반응이론을 기반으로 라쉬 분석에 의한 효과적 검증을 통하여 11문항으로 구성된 장애 수용 척도가 장애인의 장애 수용 정도에 대한 신속하고 정확한 측정이 가능하다는 결과를 도출해낸 점에서 의의가 있다. 추후 본 연구에서의 권장하는 척도를 통하여 장애인의 장애 수용 정도에 대해 면밀히 파악하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 장애 수용의 매커니즘과 영향요인을 파악하는데 사용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

Abstract

In this study, Rasch analysis was applied to the 12-item disability acceptance scale used by the Korea Disability Development Institute’s Disability Life Panel Survey for Korean people with disabilities. This study analyzed a random sample of 300 people using the 5th (2022) survey data, the most recent data available from the panel. The disability acceptance scale analyzed in this study was found to have adequate reliability and validity, indicating its suitability as an assessment tool for understanding the degree of disability acceptance among Korean people with disabilities. Through Rasch residual principal component analysis, we verified that the 11-item scale with item 7 removed satisfied the unidimensionality and regional independence of the Rasch model, which means that the scale validly measures what it is intended to measure. In addition, the scaling analysis for the 4-point Likert scale showed that the extrapolation indices, mean measures, and step corrections all met the criteria. The graph of the 4-point Likert scale also confirmed that the visual distribution was even. There was no differential item functioning by gender, and only one item functioned differentially by primary disability. There were no ceiling and floor effects, indicating adequate interpretability of the scale, high internal consistency, good levels of respondent separation reliability, and high levels of item separation reliability. This study is significant in that it concluded that the 11-item disability acceptance scale can quickly and accurately measure the degree of disability acceptance of people with disabilities through effective validation by Rasch analysis based on item response theory. It is hoped that the scale recommended in this study can be used in the future to closely understand the degree of disability acceptance of people with disabilities and to identify the mechanisms and influencing factors of disability acceptance based on the results.

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