백제 사비시대 소상(塑像)과 대중교류(對中交流)－3인상의 복식(服飾)과 자세(姿勢) 및 보살상의 두발(頭髮) 표현을 중심으로－

Abstract

This paper examines the aspect of exchange between Baekje and China from the late 6th century to the early 7th century through an analysis of three statues excavated from Jeongnimsa(定林寺) Temple, Jeseoksa(帝釋寺) Temple, and Mireuksa(彌勒寺) Temple, the royal temples of Buyeo and Iksan during the Sabi period of Baekje. Specifically, the poses and clothes of a three-person statue, and the hair expression of the two bodhisattva statues were compared and analyzed with data from the Northern and Southern Dynasties period and the Sui-Tang period in China. In the case of a three-person statue, previous studies pointed out the similarities with iconography depicting procession and worship scenes in the Northern and Southern Dynasties period. But in this study, I first paid attention to the fact that previous studies had overlooked regional differences in procession and worship scenes of the Northern and Southern Dynasties period. First of all, I investigated that there are differences in the posture of the three people, the composition of the characters, the gender and role of the person serving, and the shape of the Bixie(蔽膝) and wide-sleeved top. With these clues, I confirmed that a three-person statue of Baekje was more closely related to the culture of the Southern Dynasties than the Northern Dynasties. Two Bodhisattva statues found at the site of Jeseoksa Temple and Mireuksa Temple, which are said to have been built by King Mu, have curved hairlines. Although this form already appeared in China from the 4th and 5th centuries, it was spread throughout China from the end of the 6th century, and its origin is related to the Chang'an style. The curved hairline first appeared in the 7th century in the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and later became popular in the unified Silla. Therefore, the curved hairline appearing in the two Bodhisattva statues excavated from two temples of Baekje built in the early 7th century can be said to be the result of active exchanges between Baekje and the Sui and Tang dynasties from the end of the 6th century.