칼케돈 신조에 대한 비판과 복음주의 신학적 응답 ― 모르나 D. 후커와 존 힉을 중심으로
An Evangelical Theological Response to Critics against the Chalcedon Creeds ― Focusing on Morna D. Hooker and John Hick
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초록
본 논문은 칼케돈 신조에 대한 신약학자 모르나 D. 후커와 종교철학자 존 힉의 비판을 제시한 후 복음주의 신학적 입장에서 응답을시도하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 기독교 신앙의 근간이 되는 주요 교리들에 대한 거부가 초래하는 신학적 혼란들에 대한 경계에 있으며, 더나아가 교리와 신학 연구의 관계성에 대한 정립에 있다. 특별히 기독론에 있어서 현대의 새로운 다양한 상황들 속에서 제시되는 그리스도에대한 자유로운 학문적 사유들이 혼돈과 혼란으로 이어지지 않고 기독교교회의 신앙을 위한 통찰들로 받아들여지기 위해서는 최소한의 경계선으로서 칼케돈 신조 범위 내에 머물러야 함을 강조하고자 했다. 보다구체적으로 말해서 그리스도의 신성과 성육하심에 대한 믿음은 성경으로부터 기원하고 그러한 믿음의 전제 하에서만이 다양한 현대 상황에의올바른 기독론의 적용들이 가능하다는 주장이다.
Abstract
This paper is designed to stress the importance of acknowledging the Lordship of Jesus Christ in the field of Christological studies, especially in its fragmented and disarrayed situation. With this concern it deals with the problem of the validity and the meaning of the Chalcedon creed and those of the doctrine of incarnation. Concerning the former, Morna D. Hooker’s repudiation against the Chalcedon creed is presented with a critical response. In so doing this article argues for the divinity of Christ to be held in the ontological sense as well as in the functional sense. Concerning the doctrine of incarnation, John Hick’s criticism against this doctrine is presented. This paper argues for the ontological necessity of incarnation over against Hick’s metaphorical reinterpretation. In order to talk about its ethical and religious significances, the reality or factuality of incarnation of Christ must be held first. Unless there is a fact of incarnation, those talks on its significances will be baseless and fictional. This paper ends with a brief treatment on the function and meaning of the Chalcedon creeds, which provide the doctrinal demarcation within which innovative Christological studies are possible. Acknowledging the Chalcedon definition does not mean to slavishly follow it repeatedly without creativity. A new situation always requires a new insight on our reflection on Christ. On the basis of the Chalcedonian framework we can have various creative Christological ventures.
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