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성별과 선거 제도가 환경 법안 발의에 미치는 영향: 17~20대 국회를 중심으로

The Impacts of Gender and Electoral System on Environmental Bill Sponsorship: Evidence from the 17th and 20th Korean National Assembly

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미래정치연구소 (Korea Institute for Future Politics)|2022.06|미래정치연구 (JOURNAL OF FUTURE POLITICS)|제12권 제1호|pp. 79-115|DOI 10.20973/jofp.2022.12.1.79

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참고문헌

키워드

Gender성별Korean National Assembly선거 제도법안 발의Electoral System대한민국 국회환경 법안Environmental BillsBill Sponsorship

초록

여성 국회의원들이 남성 국회의원에 비해 환경 법안을 발의할 가능성이 높은가? 또한 선거 제도가 환경 문제에 관한 의원들의 의정활동에 영향을 미치는가? 본 논문은 성별과 선거 제도가 환경 법안 발의에 독립적인 영향을 주는 지 여부를 통계적으로 분석함으로써 국회의원들이 왜 그리고 언제 환경 법안을 발의하는지에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고자 한다. 로지스틱 회귀 모델을 적용하여 본 논문은 17~20대 국회에서 발의된 1,138개의 환경법안을 분석함으로써 남성 국회의원들에 비해 여성 국회의원들이 환경 법안을 발의할 가능성이 높고, 비례대표제 국회의원들이 지역구 의원들보다 환경 법안 발의에 적극적으로 참여하는 경향성이 있다는 점을 발견했다. 또한, 본 논문은 비례대표제 남성 국회의원들과 지역구 여성 의원들의 환경 법안에 대한 발의 확률이 비슷한 반면, 선거 제도가 남성과 여성 국회의원들 내에서 야기하는 발의 확률의 차이는 비슷하다는 점을 발견했다. 이러한 통계분석 결과는 개별 법안과 의회 대수의 임의 효과(random effect)가 통제되는 모델에서도 일관되게 유의미했다.

Abstract

Are female legislators compared to their male counterparts more likely to sponsor environmental bills and do electoral systems affect legislators’ behaviors concerning environmental issues? Studies to understand why and when legislators sponsor environmental bills have not been developed thoroughly. This article is devoted to filling this research void by examining whether gender and electoral systems exert independent effects on environmental bill sponsorship. Applying logistic regression models, this article based on the data about 1,138 environmental bills proposed from the 17th (2004–2008) to 20th (2016–2020) Congresses shows that female legislators compared to their male counterparts are more likely to sponsor environmental bills and legislators elected through the PR system tend to focus on environmental issues rather than those elected through the SMD system. In addition, this article shows that male legislators from the PR system and female legislators from the SMD system have similar predicted probabilities of sponsoring environmental bills, while the differences in the predicted probabilities that electoral systems cause within the same gender are similar. Those empirical results are consistently robust even in the models where random effects of individual bills and congresses are controlled.

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