경찰서수준 체감안전도에 영향을 미치는 요인: 범죄수준 및 경찰력 활용을 중심으로
Factors that Affect Police Station-Level Perceived Safety: Focusing on The Level of Crime and The Application of Police Force
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
경찰서 수준 체감안전도는 개인수준 체감안전도와는 다른 이론적, 정책적 의의를 갖는다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 지금까지의 선행연구는 주로 개인수준 체감안전도의 영향요인을 분석하는 데 집중되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 선행연구의 공백을 보완하고, 지역 체감안전도 향상을 위한 이론적, 실증적 근거를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 스마트치안 빅데이터 플랫폼에 공개된 2018년 기준 전국 253개 경찰서의 각종 자료들을 이용하여 범죄관련요인 및 경찰관련요인이 경찰서 단위 종합체감안전도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 다중회귀분석결과, 인구1만명당 5대범죄발생건수가 많은 경찰서일수록 종합체감안전도가 낮았고, 인구1만명당 경찰관수가 많은 경찰서일수록 종합체감안전도가 높았다. 하지만 예상과는 달리 발생대비검거수준이 높은 경찰서일수록 종합체감안전도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경찰관련요인의 설명력이 범죄관련요인의 설명력보다 더 높았다. 한편, 지역의 범죄수준을 통제하였을 때, 지역경찰관서의 관할인구규모를 나타내는 급지가 높을수록, 즉 관할인구가 적을수록 종합체감안전도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 여성대상 범죄를 나타내는 지표들이 종합체감안전도에 미치는 영향은 개인수준 분석을 실시한 선행연구들과는 다소 다른 결과를 보여주었다. 이상의 분석결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 정책적 의의를 논의하였다.
Abstract
The police station-level perceived safety has distinctive theoretical and practical implications compared to the individual-level perceived safety. Nevertheless, prior research has mainly focused on analyzing factors that affect the individual-level perceived safety. This study aims to fill this void in the literature and to provide theoretical and practical grounds to address local perceived safety. For this purpose, we analyzed the effect of crime-related factors and police-related factors on the police station-level perceived safety using data from 253 police stations nationwide collected in 2018, which were released on the smart security big data platform. As a result of multiple regression analysis, police stations with more five major crimes per 10,000 population showed a lower level of perceived safety. However, police stations with more police officers per 10,000 population showed a higher level of perceived safety. Unexpectedly, the result showed that the higher the level of arrest productivity, the lower the level of perceived safety. Meanwhile, the explanatory power of police-related factors were higher than that of crime-related factors. The result also showed that the lower the population size of the police station district, the higher the level of perceived safety after controlling for the level of crime. Effects of the level of crime against women on perceived safety was mixed. Based on these results, theoretical- and practical implications were discussed.
참고문헌 (46)
- 강소영, "4대 사회악에 대한 체감안전도 인식 비교", 한국범죄심리연구, 11(1), pp.25~52 (2015), 한국범죄심리학회
- "경찰범죄통계" (2019)[URL]
- 박기태, "외국인 밀집지역의 가시적 경찰활동이 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향- 체감안전인식의 매개효과를 중심으로 -", 경찰학연구, 18(4), pp.159~181 (2018), 경찰대학[DOI]
- 백영민, "CCTV 설치현황에 대한 인식과 CCTV 치안효과 인식이 거주민의 체감안전도에 미치는 효과", 경찰학연구, 18(3), pp.9~34 (2018), 경찰대학[DOI]
- 양재규, "범죄수사 관련 보도자료 기사화(일명 ‘수사기관 처널리즘’)의 법적 문제점", 미디어와 인격권, 3(1), pp.179~210 (2017), 언론중재위원회
- 윤우석, "방범용 CCTV가 체감안전도에 미치는 영향: 전국단위 자료 분석", 한국경찰연구, 19(4), pp.87~116 (2020), 한국경찰연구학회
- 윤철규, "4대 사회악 관련 경찰활동과 시민 체감안전도에 관한 연구 : 충청북도 지역을 중심으로", 한국경찰학회보, 17(4), pp.107~128 (2015), 한국경찰학회
- 장현석, "가시적 경찰활동 정도에 대한 인식이 범죄 두려움에 미치는 영향", 한국경찰학회보, 18(1), pp.317~340 (2016), 한국경찰학회
- 정재훈, "체감안전도 변화에 관한 연구", 한국경찰학회보, 19(1), pp.121~148 (2017), 한국경찰학회
- 정철우, "체감안전도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구", 한국경찰연구, 13(4), pp.261~288 (2014), 한국경찰연구학회
- 조준택, "자치경찰제 시행을 대비한 경찰인력의 효율적 활용과 배분에 대한 분석 : 최근 10년간 경찰인력 증원을 중심으로", 한국인사행정학회보, 20(1), pp.119~148 (2021), 한국인사행정학회
- 최천근, "다층자료분석을 활용한 체감안전도 결정요인에 관한 연구", 한국행정학보, 46(1), pp.103~129 (2012), 한국행정학회
- Akers, R. L., "The Oxford handbook of juvenile crime and juvenile justice", pp.307~335 (2012)
- Bahn, C., "The reassurance factor in police patrol", Criminology, 12(3), pp.338~345 (1974)
- Box, S., "Explaining fear of crime", The British Journal of Criminology, 28(3), pp.340~356 (1988)
- Brunton-Smith, I., "Do neighborhoods generate fear of crime? An empirical test using the British Crime Survey", Criminology, 49(2), pp.331~369 (2011)
- Chiricos, T., "Perceived racial and ethnic composition of neighborhood and perceived risk of crime", Social problems, 48(3), pp.322~340 (2001)
- Ferraro, K. F., "Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk" (1995), SUNY press
- Hauser, W., "The impact of police strength and arrest productivity on fear of crime and subjective assessments of the police", American journal of criminal justice, 42(1), pp.86~111 (2017)
- Hinkle, J. C., "Emotional fear of crime vs. perceived safety and risk:Implications for measuring “fear” and testing the broken windows thesis", American Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(1), pp.147~168 (2015)
- Hipp, J. R., "Resident perceptions of crime and disorder : How much is"bias", and how much is social environment differences?", Criminology, 48(2), pp.475~508 (2010)
- Hollway, W., "The risk society in an age of anxiety:situating fear of crime", British journal of sociology, pp.255~266 (1997)
- Jackson, J., "Public health and fear of crime: A prospective cohort study", The British Journal of Criminology, 49(6), pp.832~847 (2009)
- Kelling, G. L., "The Newark Foot Patrol Experiment" (1981), Police Foundation
- Kershaw, C., "The 2000 British Crime Survey England and Wales" (2000), Statistical Bulletin-Home Office Research Development And Statistics Directorate
- Kleck, G., "Do more police lead to more crime deterrence?", Crime & Delinquency, 60(5), pp.716~738 (2014)
- LaGrange, R. L., "The elderly's fear of crime : A critical examination of the research", Research on aging, 9(3), pp.372~391 (1987)
- Lawton, M. P., "Victimization and fear of crime in elderly public housing tenants", Journal of Gerontology, 35(5), pp.768~779 (1980)
- Liska, A. E., "Sanchirico, A., (1982), “Fear of crime as a social fact", Social Forces, 60(3), pp.760~770 (1982)
- Markowitz, F. E., "Extending social disorganization theory: Modeling the relationships between cohesion, disorder, and fear", Criminology, 39(2), pp.293~319 (2001)
- Piza, E. L., "Saturation foot-patrol in a high-violence area: A quasi-experimental evaluation", Justice quarterly, 31(4), pp.693~718 (2014)
- Povey, K., "Open all hours: A thematic inspection report on the role of police visibility and accessibility in public reassurance" (2001), HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
- Ratcliffe, J. H., "The Philadelphia foot patrol experiment: A randomized controlled trial of police patrol effectiveness in violent crime hotspots", Criminology, 49(3), pp.795~831 (2011)
- Robinson, J. B., "Multilevel longitudinal impacts of incivilities: Fear of crime, expected safety, and block satisfaction", Journal of quantitative criminology, 19(3), pp.237~274 (2003)
- Rountree, P. W., "Perceived risk versus fear of crime : Empirical evidence of conceptually distinct reactions in survey data", Social forces, 74(4), pp.1353~1376 (1996)
- Sampson, R. J., "Community structure and crime:Testing social-disorganization theory", American journal of sociology, 94(4), pp.774~802 (1989)
- Sampson, R. J., "Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy", science, 277(5328), pp.918~924 (1997)
- Scheider, M. C., "The impact of citizen perceptions of community policing on fear of crime: Findings from twelve cities", Police Quarterly, 6(4), pp.363~386 (2003)
- Skogan, W. G., "Crime and the racial fears of white Americans", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 539(1), pp.59~71 (1995)
- Skogan, W. G., "Concern about crime and confidence in the police:Reassurance or accountability?", Police quarterly, 12(3), pp.301~318 (2009)
- Skogan, W. G., "Community policing, Chicago style" (1999), Oxford University Press
- Skogan, W. G., "Coping with crime: Individual and neighborhood reactions (Vol. 124)" (1981), Sage Publications
- Warr, M., "Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and policy", Criminal justice, 4(4), pp.451~489 (2000)
- Zani, B., "Adolescents' sense of community and feeling of unsafety in the urban environment", Journal of community & applied social psychology, 11(6), pp.475~489 (2001)
- Zhao, J. S., "An examination of the micro-level crime–fear of crime link", Crime & Delinquency, 61(1), pp.19~44 (2015)
- Zhao, J., "The status of community policing in American cities", Policing : An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 22(1), pp.74~92 (1999)