경찰책임제도의 실태분석 및 개선방안
The Measures of Enhancing Police Accountability Mechanisms in South Korea
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초록
한국 경찰책임제도는 미국 및 영국과 비교해서 경찰책임장치가 체계적으로 갖추어져 있지 않은 편이고 경찰책임제도에 대한 학문적 연구 또한 미흡한 것이 사실이다. 이 연구의 목적은 먼저, 경찰책임제도에 관한 최근의 국내ㆍ외 선행연구를 분석하고 둘째, 서구 국가의 경찰책임제도를 요약하여 소개하고 셋째, 경찰책임제도의 여섯 가지 유형에 기초하여 한국 경찰책임제도의 실태를 분석하고 넷째, 내부적 경찰책임제도와 외부적 경찰책임제도를 토대로 한국 경찰책임제도의 개선방안을 제시하는 것이다. 특히, 이 연구는 한국 경찰책임제도의 여섯 가지 유형으로 법률적 책임, 정치적 책임, 행정적 책임, 사회적 책임, 지역적 책임, 사법적 책임을 제시하고, 한국 경찰책임제도를 향상시키기 위해서 내부적 경찰책임제도 및 외부적 경찰책임제도의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 먼저, 내부적 경찰책임제도를 개선하기 위해 경찰관서 성과평가를 강화하고, 조기경보제도를 도입하고, 경찰관 교육훈련을 강화하고, 현행 내부적 경찰책임제도를 실질적으로 운영할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 외부적 경찰책임제도를 개선하기 위해서 경찰감독제도를 활성화하고, 국민권익위원회의 경찰 옴부즈만 제도를 활성화하여야 한다. 셋째, 단계별로 경찰책임제도를 구축하고 넷째, 경찰책임제도에 대한 실증적 연구를 촉진할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
It is true that South Korea’s police accountability mechanisms, unlike those of United States and United Kingdom, have been not systematically established and that academic research on the police accountability mechanisms has been also very poor. The purpose of this study is first to analyze previous studies published recently in South Korea and foreign countries on the police accountability mechanisms, second to summarize the police accountability mechanisms of western countries, third to explain six types of the police accountability mechanisms of South Korea and, fourth to suggest the measures for improving the police accountability mechanisms of South Korea. In particular, this study presented six types of police accountability mechanisms in South Korea: legal, political, administrative, societal, communal, and judicial. In order to improve the police accountability system in South Korea, the measures to strengthen the internal police accountability mechanisms and strengthen the external police accountability mechanisms have been proposed. First, in order to strengthen the internal police accountability mechanisms, it is necessary to strengthen the performance evaluation of the police department, introduce the early warning system, strengthen the education and training of police officers, and operate the existing internal police accountability mechanisms more systematically. Second, in order to strengthen the external police accountability mechanisms, it is necessary to activate the police supervision system, activate the police ombudsman system of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, establish the police accountability mechanisms step by step, and promote research on the police accountability mechanisms.
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