시민참여형 경찰책임제도 도입에 대한 연구
A Study on the Introduction of Citizen participation-centered Police Accountability System
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이 논문에서는 미국의 경찰책임제도를 중심으로, 시민참여형 경찰책임제도 도입방안을 주된 연구대상으로 하였다. 미국의 경우 경찰책임을 확보하기 위해서 다양한 경찰책임제도들을 활용하고 있지만, 각각의 제도들은 강ㆍ약점을 갖고 있어서, 현재의 접근법은 내부 경찰책임제도들과 외부 경찰책임제도들의 혼합된 형태를 보여 준다. 외부 경찰책임제도들 중 시민조사의 효과성 여부는 시민조사기관의 역할 정의,기관의 자원, 직원의 자질, 지역사회로부터 부여 받은 정치적 지지의 정도 등을 포함한 몇몇 요소들에 의존한다. 국가경찰제도를 채택하고 있는 우리나라의 현실을 고려한다면, Walker와Bumphus가 제안한 시민참여제도들 중에서 세 번째 유형인 “위원회에의 이의제기형태”가 바람직하다고 생각된다. 또한, 내부 경찰책임제도들 중 하나였던 조기경보제도(Early Warning System)가 경찰책임제도로서 우리나라에 도입된다면, 시민참여형 경찰책임제도를 보완할수 있는 매우 효과적인 경찰책임제도가 될 것으로 여겨진다. 게다가, 정기적으로 여론조사를 실시하여, 경찰활동에 대한 시민의 신뢰정도 및의견을 적극적으로 수렴하여야 한다.
Abstract
Holding the police accountable to the public for what they do and how they do it is an essential feature of a democratic society. In the past, few meaningful accountability mechanisms existed. The result was widespread inefficiency, abuse of citizens, and corruption. No single mechanism is the key to achieving police accountability. Each of the different mechanism has its strengths and weaknesses. A variety of accountability mechanisms have developed in recent years. They represent a mix of internal and external approaches. Civilian review represents an important step in promoting accountability. Advocates of citizen review argue that it serves to open up police departments, ending the historic isolation from the public. They cite evidence that the number of citizen complaints is higher in cities with some form of external review. I suggest that appealing to the committee be introduced in Korea. In future, police accountability system will be very important issue in regard of Korean police control. In addition, Early Warning System need to be introduced. EWS will contribute to reducing many citizen complaints.
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