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경찰에 대한 시민인식의 결정요인과 차이에 관한 연구

A study on the determinants and differences of citizens’ perception of the police

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참고문헌

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주제분류행정학

초록

민주사회에서 경찰의 성공적인 임무수행을 위해서는 경찰활동에 대한 시민들의 지지와 협조가 필수적이다. 시민들의 지지와 협조는 경찰에 대한 시민인식이 긍정적일 때 가능한 것이다. 이러한 경찰에 대한 시민인식의 중요성에 따라 이 연구는 경찰에 대한 시민인식의 결정요인을 규명하고자 개인적 특성과 거주 지역 특성 요인이 경찰에 대한 시민인식에 미치는 영향과 차이를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 개인적 특성으로 성별, 연령, 가구 소득, 교육 수준 그리고 거주 지역 특성으로 범죄 두려움, 범죄피해경험, 지역의 낙후 등의 독립변수가 종속변수인 경찰에 대한 시민인식에 미치는 영향을 다중회귀 분석방법을 통해 검증하였다. 연구모형의 독립변수 중 연령과 교육 수준, 범죄 두려움과 지역의 낙후가 0.01 유의수준에서 유의미한 영향을 나타냈다. 나이든 사람일수록 경찰에 대해 긍정적인 인식을 나타냈으며, 반대로 최종학력이 높은 사람일수록 경찰을 부정적으로 인식하고 있었다. 그리고 범죄 두려움을 많이 느끼는 사람의 경찰에 대한 인식은 부정적으로 형성되었고, 낙후된 지역에 거주하는 사람은 거주 지역의 무질서를 높게 인식하여 경찰에 대해 불만족을 표현하였다. 하지만 성별은 유의미한 결과를 보이지 않았고 가구 소득과 범죄피해경험은 유의미한 결과를 보였으나 상대적으로 약한 영향력을 보였다. 이에 경찰이 편견을 배제하고 공정한 법집행을 보장하여 범죄통제기능 뿐만 아니라 경찰활동의 규범적 가치를 실행한다면 시민들로부터 긍정적 인식을 이끌어낼 수 있을 것이다. 이는 경찰의 치안질서유지라는 목표를 성공적으로 이룰 수 있는 기초가 된다.

Abstract

Citizens’ support and cooperation in police activities are essential for successfully performing police duties in a democratic society. It is possible to obtain the support and cooperation of the public when the citizens’ perception of the police is positive. The study analysed the impact and differences of individual characteristics and neighbourhood characteristics on the citizens’ perception to find the determinants of the citizens’ perception of the police. It identified the impact of the independent variables such as gender, age, house income, education level, fear of crime, victimization, and neighbourhood disadvantage on the citizens’ perception of the police through multiple regression analysis. The gender, education level, fear of crime, and neighbourhood disadvantage among the independents were significant statistically at the 0.01 level. The old expressed a more positive perception of the police but the highly educated had a more negative perception. Fear of crime formed a negative perception of the police and also the people who live in the disadvantaged area, expressed dissatisfaction with the police. In conclusion, the police can obtain a positive perception from the public when they remove prejudice, ensure fair law enforcement, and implement the normative value of police activities as well as crime control. This is a base for the achievement of the their goal, the maintenance of public order.

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