포스트휴먼의 삶 -돌봄로봇과 속임문제-
Post-Human Life -Robot Care and Deception Problem
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인간의 삶은 인간과 외부세계와의 다양한 상호작용의 총체로 이루어진다. 근대 과학혁명 이후 과학과 기술은 어떤 다른 요인들보다도 인간의 삶에 결정적 영향을 미쳐왔다. 인공지능, 빅데이터, 지능로봇, 3D프린팅, 사물인터넷, 클라우드컴퓨팅 등을 기반으로 하는 4차 산업혁명은 주체와 객체를 통합하고 신체적이고 인지적 차원에서의 인간 향상을 구체적으로 구현함으로써 포스트휴먼 시대를 앞당기고 있다. 이 글은 포스트휴먼 시대에서 중요한 삶의 문제로 부상하고 있는 돌봄의 문제를 중심으로 로봇 돌봄에 대한 비판으로 제기되고 있는 속임 논증의 문제를 지적함으로써 제한적인 로봇 돌봄을 지지한다. 논의 순서는 다음과 같다. 2장은 터클(Turkle)이 포스트휴먼 시대에서 로봇 돌봄을 비판하면서 제기한 윤리적 문제를 포스트휴먼 시대의 성격에 비추어 분석한다. 3장은 포스트휴먼의 정체성을 제공하는 이론으로서 트랜스휴머니즘과 포스트휴머니즘을 살펴본다. 이상의 논의를 바탕으로 4장은 돌봄 로봇의 현황을 간단히 소개하고 이어서 인간이 돌봄 로봇에 의해 돌봄을 받는 것으로 속고 있다고 주장하는 속임 논증을 비판적으로 검토한다. 5장은 돌봄의 진정성은 돌봄 환경에 의해 결정된다고 주장하는 환경가설을 체화된 마음 이론을 통해 정당화함으로써 로봇 돌봄의 정당성을 확보한다.
Abstract
Human life consists of the totality of various interactions between humans and the outside world. Since the modern scientific revolution, science and technology have had a decisive influence on human life more than any other factor. The 4th Industrial Revolution based on such as artificial intelligence, big data, intelligent robots, 3D printing, Internet of things, and cloud computing is advancing the posthuman era by integrating subjects and objects and by concretely realizing human improvement at the physical and cognitive level. This paper, centering on the problem of care that has emerged as an important life issue in the posthuman era, supports robot care in the limited sense by pointing out the problems of deception argument that has been raised as a criticism of robot care. The order of discussion is as follows. Chapter 2 analyzes the ethical issues that Turkle raised while criticizing robot caring in the posthuman era in light of its characteristics. Chapter 3 examines transhuman and posthumanism as ideas that provide the identity of posthumans. Based on the above discussion, Chapter 4 briefly introduces the current situation of caring robots, and then critically reviews the deception argument claiming that humans are being deceived as being cared for by caring robots. Chapter 5 secures the legitimacy of robot caring by justifying the environmental hypothesis that claims that the authenticity of caring is determined by the caring environment through the theory of embodied cognition.
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