해방 전후 제주 잠수(해녀)들의 부산 정착의사회사적 고찰 : 지역 간 경계를 넘은 이동과 갈등을 중심으로

Abstract

Women of Jeju island had moved periodically getting off island in groups to scrap together some money by collecting seafood and coming back to home from the colonial era to 1970’s. This article aims to illuminate the characteristic of these women’s movements in context of the social changes. To this purpose, it points to the facts that the movements had been provoked in the form of collective behavior since the colonial era and Jamsu(women-divers) made Busan as a foothold in the course of the movements, and the conflicts occurred in Busan after 1945. Jamsu' movements were organized ones under the colonial commodity monetary economy of seafood which had been set off and accelerated in the colonial era. Gaeck-ju(mediate merchant) who flourished in Busan after the opening of port would recruit Jamsu of Jeju island and send to other fishing grounds borrowing the money of Japanese seafood traders. In other words, The growing demands of seafood owing to the development of Japanese military and other industries provoked the movements of Jamsu who collected seafood under the sea through the intermediary of Gaeck-ju, the circulation merchant group. Therefore, Jamsu as the collectors of seafood located in the lowest place at the relationship formed around the seafood and linked systemically to the network of the discriminative distribution. Jamsu’ active movements to other places were the fishing activities carrying out without licenses of authorities under the colonial marine economy system which sought to gain the commercial fishery resources. Consequently, they had developed in the colonial marine economy that tolerated the movements to other places for the necessity of commercial resources, not for the resource rights of local people. After 1945, this colonial practice caused many conflicts between the locals in the course of enactment of laws relating to fishing industry on the base of settlement conception. These conflicts illustrated the contradiction between the unconditional movement and collection in the colonial era and the collection right of the settlers after 1945. After all,the unconditional movements being enable to collect resources across the local borders in the colonial era were to be tolerated under the colonial commodity economy which sought to gain easily the commercial resources.