조선후기 제주 於道 晉州姜氏家 雇工의 존재 양상 -강우석 소장 고문서를 중심으로-

Abstract

This study examines the existence conditions of Gogngs employed by the Jinju Gang Clan, through Myeongmun(明文), Bulmanggi(不忘記) and Junhogu(準戶口), colected by Mr. Gang's family belonging to the Jinju Gang Clan, which has lived through successive generations in Eori-do, Jeju. At first, the members of the Jinju Gang Clan resided in Sangnga-ri(上加 里) and Eodo-ri(於道里) after the mid-17th century and successively held Yuhangjawsu(留鄕座首) and Yuhangbyeolgam(留鄕別監) from generation to generation, so it possessed a lot of properties based on its social status. The Gogong contracts signed by this clan and the existent conditions of the Gogongs were examined to show that such a contract was made through Myeongmun and Bulmanggi. Myeongmun was written when the reasons why they became Gogongs were not described, while Bulmanggi was filled, if economic reasons such as debts were stated. The Gogong contracts were made, mostly due to economic difficulties related with Dongsaekma(同色馬) and unpaid debts. At that time, the contracts were usually made with the condition of relatively long terms ranging from 5 to 8 years. The number of Gogongs employed by this clan was about 4-5 in the late 17th century and about 1-3 in the late 18th century, but about 2-3 Gogongs were most often employed by it. The sex ratio of Gogongs employed by this clan was not significantly imbalanced, but male Gogongs were slightly more than female Gogongs. Some cases in which Oegeonobi whose owners resided in the mainland became Gogongs could be verified from this clan. They are supposed to live in areas far away from their owners and make the Gogong contracts with others, to make a living, and also give Singong to their owners. It could be also found that family units of Gogongs existed. This means that children born from Gogongs employed by this clan or Sano(private servants) owned by it also became Gogongs, so two generations of Gogongs sheltered themselves in one house. Finally, the status, age, terms and so on of Gogongs were investigated to understand their characteristics. Most of employed Gogongs were Gongnobi(public servants) and Sanobi, and only one Gogong who lived in 1678 was verified as Yangin(a common person). Most of Gongnobis belonged to Naejasi(內資寺), Naeseomgsi(內贍寺) and Euijeongbu(仁順府) and were Sinos(寺奴) and Sibis(寺婢), but where some of them belonged to were not stated. After Gongnobis were liberated in 1801, the social positions of them were often Mokja, Nohan(老閑) and Hyangsoseowon, so it was not possible to identify whether they were Gongnobis. Although most of Gogongs were grown up, those over 60 are sometimes found. Some children were registered as Gogongs, as soon as they were born. Finally, the terms of them were examined to exhibit that they were often employed for longer than five years. The terms of Gogongs employed by the Jinju Gang Clan were very prolonged, so they became Angyeokgogongs and subordinated to it. As they resided in their owner's house for a long time, therefore, they seem to be responsible for many miscellaneous works(雜役) and to provide agricultural labor forces.