조선후기 제주지역 노비 거래의 양상 – 濟州 於道 晉州姜氏 姜受璜 後孫家 古文書를 중심으로-

Abstract

This paper examined the conditions of slave transactions in Jeju areas during the late Joseon Dynasty, through ancient documents of Eado Jinjugang Clan Gangsuhwang Descendant’s Family(於道 晉州姜氏 姜受璜 後孫家). Since this family has preserved slave transaction epigraphy, approval documents and lawsuit documents as well as Bulmanggi/Soji(不忘記‧所志), it was possible to verify actual conditions of slave transactions and various accidents occurring in the transaction process through their contents. An analysis of transaction documents shows conditions of slave purchase, from the late 16th century to the late 18th century. Although it was Jeju areas where slaves were purchased, they also purchased from persons living in mainland such as Seoul, Jangseong and Damyang. The slave transactions with landsmen were implemented only until the 17th century. The the ratio of male slaves was higher than that of female salves, among purchased slaves, and cows and horses were provided as costs paid for slaves, until the mid-17th century. It was found that slave transactions with landmen were made in three ways. First, transactions with slaves’ owners were made by directly visiting mainland. Such visit to mainland did not aim to purchase slaves, but for civil service examinations with simultaneously purchasing them, where owners of them resided in mainland, while slaves existed in Jeju island. Second, slaves were also purchased when owners directly visited Jeju, together with their slaves. Third, slaves who lived in mainland were purchased through brokers on behalf of parties who had an intention to purchase them. From Bulmanggi(不忘記) preserved by Gangsuhwang descendant’s family, it could found that if it was not easy for a broker to bring slaves, in purchasing slaves through the broker, a purchaser strived to get him/her, though it took long time, and the broker was also responsible for his/her duty. In addition, the purchaser received Bonmungi(本文記) in the slave transactions with landmen, in order to prevent disputes associated with ownership of slaves, otherwise, some disputes occurred. Finally, there were some cases in which costs for slaves were initially paid, and then slaves were promised to be transferred. Thus, it was found that slave transactions with landmen were made, where many disputes likely to be triggered.