제주도 이주의 현황과 전망

Abstract

The Jeju population has rapidly increased since 2011, and there have been numerous profound changes in Jeju society. Yet systemic research on domestic immigrants in Jeju is not available. Therefore, we make an effort to review and prospect domestic immigration by collating various statistical data and references in this paper. In doing so, this paper shortly demonstrates recent migration trends in Jeju and considered the realities attached to it. By 2010, Jeju population tends to concentrate in “dong”(administrative districts) of Jeju city, while the number of migrants at rural places is similar to those at towns. The proportions of middle-aged adults, and children under 10 were higher than other ages. This higher migration rates mean migrants moved to Jeju with families. The rapid increase of population brings a number of changes in society. Jeju population has gradually increased by about one or two million migrants every year since 2011. So, Jeju is facing demographic change. This paper categorized migrants into five types as (1) those who return to farming or rural life (2) small business owners (3) cultural workers (4) employees on secondment (5) students. In this typology, the former three types are the main groups of migrants. With the exception of employees on secondment and students, the characteristics of the migration to Jeju is related to non-material values. After the Korean War South Korea has adopted policies that have stimulated economic growth and achieved rapid development. “Developmentalism(ideology regarding economic development as the most important goal of a society)” and “marketism(discourse for marketization)” have became the core values of South Korea. On the other hand, the growing numbers of migrants have moved to Jeju in order to resist against marketism and dream another life. The core values of South Korea are contrary to the non-material values of internal migration flow. Jeju must continue addressing demographic change for the present.