블라지(Blasi)의 자아 모델에 대한 비판적 평가
A critical appraisal of Blasi's self model
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초록
도덕적 동기화에 관한 연구와 이론들은 오랜 기간 도덕적 추론과 도덕적 정서의 역할에 주목하여 왔으나, 최근에는 도덕적 정체성의 역할을 규명하는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 도덕적 정체성은 도덕적 추론과 도덕적 행동을 연결하는 도덕적 동기화의 원천으로 여겨진다. 도덕적 정체성은 한 개인의 정체성에 있어서 도덕성의 중요성 혹은 현저함을 포함하고 있는 용어이다. 도덕적 정체성에 관한 블라지(Blasi)의 자아 모델(self model)은 도덕적 인지로부터 도덕적 행동으로의 전환 그리고 도덕적 판단과 행위의 일치에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 블라지는 도덕 판단이 도덕적 정체성에 근거한 책임감 판단을 통해 여과되어 자기 일관성을 향한 경향성에 의해 행동으로 추진된다면, 도덕적 행동을 더욱 신뢰성 있게 예측할 수 있다고 생각하였다. 블라지의 자아 모델은 도덕적 정체성이 어떻게 도덕적 행동을 유발하는지에 대한 상세한 설명을 해 주고는 있으나, 그것을 직접적으로 입증하는 경험 연구의 부족과 자동적이고 습관적인 도덕적 행동의 기제를 제대로 설명하지 못한다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 블라지의 자아 모델은 이상적 자아와 현실 자아와의 비교 방법, 도덕적 정화의 방법, 부모의 훈육 방법과 봉사 활동의 실천이 도덕적 정체성의 형성에 기여할 수 있음을 시사해 준다.
Abstract
Theory and research regarding moral motivation has focused on for decades on the roles of moral reasoning and moral emotion. Recently, several scholars are increasingly convinced that moral identity may play an important part in moral functioning. Although several models of morality position a role for identity, Blasi's model of moral identity includes the most elaborated conception of identity and the most detailed linkages between identity and moral functioning. An individual has a moral identity to the extent that he or she has constructed his or her sense of self around moral concerns. This paper critically reviews Blasi's self model that links moral identity with moral functioning. Blasi's insightful and intriguing ideas regarding identity and morality have inspired interest in moral identity. But there are several theoretical problems in which Blasi's model could be extended. Finally, I proposed implications of Blasi's self model to moral education. Although Blasi didn't deal with the methods of moral identity formation, there are some educational clues for the formation and development of moral identity in both homes and schools.
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