계약외채무의 준거법에 관한 유럽연합 규정(로마Ⅱ)
EU Regulation on the Law Applicable to Non-contractual Obligations (RomeⅡ)
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초록
계약외채무의 준거법에 관한 2007년 7월 11일 유럽의회 및 이사회의 No 864/2007 규정”(ROME Ⅱ)(“로마Ⅱ”)은 2009년 1월 11일 덴마크를 제외한 유럽연합에서 발효되었다. 그 결과 계약외채무의 준거법 결정에 관한 한 대부분 유럽연합 국가의 국제사법규범은 상당 부분 통일되었다. 로마Ⅱ는 유럽연합 주요 국가들의 전통적 연결원칙을 발전적으로 수용한 것으로서 유럽 국제사법규칙의 진화를 보여주고 있다.여기에서는 과거 필자가 로마협약을 체계적으로 소개했던 것과 마찬가지로, 우선 로마Ⅱ의 불법행위에 관한 규정을 소개하고 우리 법에의 시사점을 논의한다. 보다 구체적으로 로마Ⅱ의 성립경위와 기본적 사항(Ⅱ.), 적용범위(Ⅲ.), 불법행위의 준거법(Ⅳ.), 특수불법행위의 유형별 준거법(Ⅴ.), 준거법의 선택(Ⅵ.), 공통규칙(Ⅶ.), 기타 규정과 최종규정(Ⅷ.)을 차례대로 검토하고, 마지막으로 우리 법에의 시사점(Ⅸ.)을 논의한다. 특히 로마Ⅱ는 특수불법행위의 유형으로서 제조물책임, 부정경쟁과 경쟁제한, 환경손해, 지적재산권 침해와 쟁의행위를 구분하여 각각에 대하여 연결원칙을 두는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 몇 가지 쟁점들(프라이버시와 인격권의 침해, 도로교통사고 등)이 미결로 남아 있지만, 로마Ⅱ는 유럽연합 내에서는 현대적이고 균형 잡힌 규범체계로서 상당한 정도의 법적 안정성을 창설함과 동시에 법적용자들에게 필요한 정도의 자유와 유연성을 허용할 것이라는 점에서 호평을 받았다. 로마Ⅱ는 우리의 해석론과 입법론을 위하여 유용하다. 이제 우리도 국제사법 개정을 위한 작업을 시작할 필요가 있다. 우리나라에서도 다양한 법분야의 전문가들이 당해 분야의 국제사법 쟁점에 관심을 가져줄 것을 촉구한다.
Abstract
Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (“Rome Ⅱ”) has taken effect on January 11, 2009. Therefore, uniform choice of law rules on non-contractual obligations across the European Union except Denmark have been introduced. Rome Ⅱ clearly shows the progressive evolution of the choice of law rules in the major member states of the European Union. As the author wrote an article entitled “Rome Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations” several years ago, the author explains major terms of the Rome Ⅱ and tries to draw some lessons for the interpretation of the current Korean Private International Law Act (“KPILA”) and Korea’s future amendment to the KPILA. More specifically, the author reviews the background of the Rome Ⅱ (Chapter Ⅱ), the scope of application (Chapter Ⅲ), the law applicable to a non-contractual obligation arising out of a tort/delict in general (Chapter Ⅳ), the law applicable to a non-contractual obligation arising out of special types of tort/delict (Chapter Ⅴ), freedom of choice (Chapter Ⅵ), common rules (Chapter Ⅶ), other provisions and final provisions (Chapter Ⅷ). Finally, the author suggests some guides for the interpretation and future amendment of the KPILA (Chapter Ⅸ). It is particularly noteworthy that the Rome Ⅱ contains express choice of law rules for product liability, unfair competition and acts restricting free competition, environmental damage, infringement of intellectual property rights and industrial action. Although some issues such the law applicable to non-contractual obligations arising out of violations of privacy and rights relating to personality, including defamation are reserved for future works, the Rome Ⅱ has been warmly welcomed in the European Union in that it is modern and creates a legal certainly in determining a governing law for non-contractual obligations and at the same time provides necessary freedom and flexibility to those who will actually apply the choice of law rules of the Rome Ⅱ. Now it is time for us to embark upon a project to amend the KPILA, which does not include any express choice of law provisions on special types of tort/delict except for infringement of intellectual property rights. Finally the author urges Korean experts in various areas of domestic substantive laws to pay more attention to the choice of law rules in those areas.
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