전공불일치 결정요인과 전공불일치치가 근속과 임금 간의 관계에 미치는 영향
The Determinants of Major-Job Mismatches and Major-Job Matching Effectiveness on Relations between Tenure and Wage
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본 연구는 한국노동패널 자료를 이용하여 전공과 직무의 매치 질을 측정하고, 이항 로짓모형으로 전공불일치 결정요인을 추정하였다. 또한 전공불일치 변수를 통제한 상태에서 임금-근속 방정식의 구조모형을 추정함으로써 근속수익과 임금률의 일치 추정량을 얻고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 전공불일치 결정요인으로는 개인 및 직업 특성, 그리고 노동시장 환경요인이 복합적으로 작용하였다. 개인적 요인으로는 학력, 전공이 중요하였으며, 직업 특성으로는 근속, 고용상 지위가 중요하였다. 그리고 노동시장 환경요인으로는 구직 및 입직방법이 전공불일치에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 임금과 근속 간의 의사상관관계 여부를 살펴보고, 불편성을 갖는 추정량을 얻기 위해 3단계 최소자승추정법으로 근속과 임금 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 구조모형을 추정한 결과 임금은 근속과 함께 증가한다는 강한 증거를 확인했다. 임금이 근속과 더불어 증가한다는 사실은 임금방정식에서 직무매치 이질성의 역할에 관한 중요한 정보를 제공한다.
Abstract
This study intends to acquire consistent estimates of the returns to tenure by estimating a structural model of the wage-tenure relation, by means of utilizing major-job matching variables, measuring major-job matching quality, and estimating determinants of major-job mismatch on the basis of Korean Labor Panel data. The findings are as follows. i) major-job matching quality affected compositively by individual, job, and labor market characters. ii)critical individual characteristic factors are as such: education level, study field. As for job characteristic factors are such tenures, and employment states; as for labor marker characteristic, the method of job search and entry job. Recently, job matching and wage determination theories argue that strong positive relation between wages and tenure is artifact of unobserved individual and job match heterogeneity. An upward bias aries in ordinary least squares estimates, since individuals with high ability and individuals in good job matches are likely to guarantee higher wages and longer tenure. To obtain unbiased estimates, structural model of the wage-tenure relation was estimated by using three stages least squares. Strong evidence was found that wages rise with job seniority, and major-job match quality is important determinant of tenure and wages. Although wage levels are different among firms, there appear strong evidence that wages rise with job seniority. Thus it provides with significant information the role of job matching heterogeneity in wage equations.
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