시장원리 확대와 개인사회서비스의 변화-영국의 사례-
The Effects of Extending Market Principle in Personal Social Service in the UK
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초록
사회서비스에서 시장원리 확대는 재원조달, 공급 주체, 의사결정권과 서비스의 배분방식, 규제와 같은 여러 차원을 종합적으로 고려해야 하는 복합적인 현상이다. 영국은 대처 정부하에서 재원조달, 공급 주체와 서비스 배분 차원에서 민간의 역할과 시장원리를 확대한 반면, 중앙정부에 의한 규제는 강화하였다. 정책의 우선적인 목표였던 국가의 부담 억제는 달성하였으나, 공적인 서비스의 수혜자 수는 줄어들었다. 서비스가 더 유연화되고 지역사회서비스가 강화된 반면, 욕구가 큰 계층에게 서비스가 집중되면서 예방 기능은 약해졌다. 소득이 낮고, 욕구가 큰 계층에게 집중적으로 서비스를 제공하게 된 반면, 중간계층이 서비스에서 소외되는 양극화가 문제로 제기되었다. 구매와 공급을 분리한 준시장방식은 효율성이나 소비자 선택권의 강화에 기여하지 못했다는 평가가 많다. 영국의 사례는 서비스의 질과 공공성을 높이기 위한 규제의 강화, 서비스의 보편성 확대, 전달체계간 연계의 강화, 재정 분권에 대한 재검토 필요성 등의 시사점을 우리나라에 제시하고 있다.
Abstract
The extension of market principle in personal social service may proceed along with various dimensions: funding mechanism, service provision, decision making power and regulation. In the UK, Thatcher government extended market principle in terms of funding, service provision and decision making power. On the other hand, regulation by the central government was strengthened. The public cost of personal social service was contained, but the quantity of service was decreased. While the flexibility of service was enhanced, the prevention function of social care diminished. Care service for the most needy was improved at the cost of middle income group. The expected efficiency gain was not materialized due to the limit of quasi-market mechanism. The UK case provides some implications for Korea: the necessity of proper regulation, expanding universality of service provision, close cooperation between delivery system and the necessity of reconsidering the decentralization of budget for welfare services.
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