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임금노동자의 프리젠티즘 결정요인 비교 연구:노동조건, 효율임금, 교섭력 관련 요인을 중심으로

A Study on the Determinants of Presenteeism for Wage Workers:Focusing on Work Condition, Efficiency Wage, and Bargaining Power Theory

신희주
한국노동연구원 (Korea Labor Institute)|2023.03|노동정책연구 (Quarterly Journal of Labor Policy)|제23권 제1호|pp. 65-94|DOI 10.22914/jlp.2023.23.1.003

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프리젠티즘bargaining power고용지위직업환경교섭력presenteeism효율임금occupational environmentefficient wage
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

몸이 아픈데도 직장에 출근하는 현상을 뜻하는 프리젠티즘은 노동자들의 삶의 질에 위협이 되는 문제이지만, 그 중요성에 비해 상대적으로 연구가 적으며 체계적 이론 역시 아직 미비하다. 본 연구에서는 프리젠티즘에 대한 노동조건 관련 요소, 효율임금 요소, 교섭력 요소를 체계적으로 정리하여 모델로 구성하고 이에 대한 실증분석을 통해 각 이론의 설명력을 검토한다. 본 연구는 전국 19세 이상의 임금노동자들을 대상으로 구조화된 질문지를 사용하여 수집된 자료를 이용한다. 총 1,587명으로 이루어진 표본으로 프리젠티즘 경험에 대한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하고, 각 이론의 설명력을 검토하였다. 분석결과, 노동조건 관련 요소 중 직업환경 변수들이 일관되게 프리젠티즘을 설명하는 한편, 노동조건의 다른 요소인 고용지위, 교섭력 관련 변수, 효율임금 관련 변수들은 일관되지 않은 결과를 나타내지만, 다른 변수들과의 관계 속에서 프리젠티즘에 대한 영향력이 나타난다. 본 연구는 임금노동자들의 건강을 위해 직업환경의 개선과 그에 대한 제도적 뒷받침이 필요하다는 점을 보여준다.

Abstract

Presenteeism, which refers to the phenomenon of going to work while one is sick, is an important social problem threatening the quality of life of workers. However, there are relatively few studies of presenteeism compared to those of absenteeism. Also, theories of presenteeism are still lacking. In this study, we review the factors related to occupational environment, bargaining power, and efficiency wage for presenteeism and examine the explanatory power through empirical analyses. This study uses data collected using structured questionnaires for wage workers aged 19 or older nationwide in South Korea. Logistic regression analyses are conducted on the presenteeism using data from a total of 1,587 cases. Results show that the variables of occupational environment consistently explain presenteeism. While factors of bargaining power or efficiency wage model present inconsistent effects, they have effects on presenteeism in relation with other job-related variables. For quality of life of workers, especially that of the disadvantaged workers, improvement of occupational environment and employment condition and institutional supports are needed.

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