학령 초기 내재화 문제행동의 발달경로에 미치는 아동 인성과 부모양육의 효과
The Effects of Personality and Parenting on the Developmental Trajectory of Internalizing Problems in Early Elementary School Students
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본 연구에서는 단기 종단 연구를 통해 아동의 인성(기질과 성격)과 양육행동 변인이 초등학교 저학년의 내재화 문제행동 발달경로에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 경기 지역 2곳의 초등학교에 재학하는 학생(585명)의 학부모를 대상으로 내재화 문제행동을 5개월 간격으로 총 3회 측정한 자료를 성별에 따라 구분한 후(남학생 310명, 여학생 275명), 동시대 시계열 설계 및 잠재성장 곡선모형을 활용하여 내재화 문제행동의 발달경로에 영향을 미치는 예측변인을 분석하였다. 먼저 내재화 문제행동의 발달경로를 살펴본 결과, 여학생 및 남학생의 내재화 문제행동은 성별에 상관 없이 다양한 초기치를 가지고 비교적 안정적으로 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 변화율을 제외한 내재화 문제행동의 발달경로의 초기치에 영향을 미치는 인성 및 양육 변인의 효과를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 남아는 위험회피 기질만이, 여아는 위험회피와 인내력 기질, 자율성 성격, 그리고 통제적 양육이 내재화 문제행동의 발달경로의 초기치에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 초등학생 저학년 내재화 문제행동의 적절한 개입을 위해서는 남아의 경우 위험회피 기질이 높은 학생을, 여학생의 경우 높은 위험회피와 인내력 기질, 낮은 자율성 성격, 그리고 통제적 양육행동을 구사하는 부모를 가진 학생을 선별하여 내재화 문제행동에 대한 예방적 개입을 시도해야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점, 후속 연구에 대한 제안점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of personality and parenting factors on the developmental trajectories of children's internalizing problems using the short-term longitudinal design. A total of 585 parents in two elementary schools in Gyunggi Province participated in the study: children’s internalizing problems were measured three times with five month intervals and children’s personality and parenting behaviors were measured once, only at the first time-point. Cohort sequential design and latent growth curve model was used for analyses according to the sex of children. The results were as follows. First, internalizing problems showed stability in both female and male children groups. Second, regarding the predictors of the identified pattern subgroups, harm avoidance was a strong predictor of children’s internalizing problems across subject groups and persistence and self-directedness played an important role in female group. Third, parental control predicted the developmental trajectories in girls while no parenting effects were reported in boys. Suggestions for future research were discussed, along with the appropriate intervention for those with internalizing problems and the limitation of the current study.
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